Сельское хозяйство/ 5. Растениеводство, селекция и семеноводство

Graduate student Shovkova O. V

Poltava state agrarian academy, Ukraine

Photosynthetic productivity of soybean depending on sowing time and method of application of microfertilizers

Photosynthesizing activity of crops, including soybeans, is the main component of the formation of their productivity. Optimal growth of the leaf surface and dry matter accumulation of soybean plants largely depends on the validity of cultivation technologies that ensure long-term operation leaf apparatus. Seed treatment with microfertilizer chelate based on Rexolin and foliar feeding with Rexolin and Brasitrel on different dates of sowing soybean crops intensified photosynthetic activity of a given culture. Integrated application of microfertilizers to seed and vegetative plants promoted the formation of the maximum performance of the leaf surface and pure photosynthetic productivity.

Soybeans are among the most important crops of world agriculture for many years and the most common among legumes and oilseeds. It is grown on all continents, because it plays a crucial role in the grain, feed and food balance sheets. It has a central role in resolving the problems of protein, as its content in the seeds of this culture is 38-40% and includes the necessary set of amino acids. Today the area of soybean production in Ukraine are growing, but the yield is still low. This is the result of insufficient study of the processes of growth and development of this crop’s sowing. Therefore, investigation of the influence of the basic physiological processes on the productivity of soybean is relevant, because it is due to improved cultivation technology.

Soil pilot area is typical humus with a medium loamy soil. His the plowed layer is characterized by the following main agrochemical parameters: the humus content of 4.9% nitrogen, easily hydrolyzed (by Kornfildom) - 12.7 mg of phosphorus (by Chirikov) - 10.3 mg, exchangeable potassium (by Maslov) - 17, 1 mg/100 g soil pH (saline) - 6.5.

Studying the dynamics of formation of soybean leaf area showed that it reached the highest value in the seed ripening phase, when the plants are in great need of the products of photosynthesis for their accumulation in seeds. Application of micronutrient Rexolin for the seed treatment in combination with foliar feeding Rexolin and Brasitrel and facilitated the active build-up of leaf surface and seed ripening phase of leaf area on these options at an early time of sowing (at soil temperatures of 10 ° C at a depth of 0-10 cm) was the largest - 32.3 thousand and 33.0 m²/ha, respectively (Table 1).

Using chelate micronutrient Rexolin seed treatment intensified increase leaf surface of soybean during flowering formation of beans. Leaf area exceeded the figure for the control group of 4.2 thousand m²/ha at the flowering stage to 7.1 thousand m²/ha – a phase of education in the areas of early bean planting period, from 6.2 thousand to m²/ha 6.8 m²/ha thousand – at optimal planting dates, from 4.5 thousand m²/ha – at the flowering stage to 3.6 thousand in m²/ha phase beans formation at sites of late sowing period.

Positively to the increase in leaf area affected and foliar feeding with Rexolin and Brasitrel. Microelements that make up these microfertilizers contribute to increased chlorophyll, enhancing assimilation activity of plants, the elongation of the sheet device. In particular, the processing of soybean vegetative chelated micronutrient for growth based Rexolin provided a sheet surface at the flowering stage compared to the control by 23.5% for the first crop period, 32.7% - the second and the third to 40.2%. A similar regularity was observed in the case of foliar application with Brasitrel – by 22.7%, 30.5% and 31.3%, respectively.

In the case of soybean production technology, which included three sowing period, as well as different ways of applying microfertilizers, noted the formation of various indicators of net photosynthetic productivity, is the accumulation of dry matter per unit area per day.

Period from the formation of the beans to the maturing of soybean seeds was characterized by the highest biomass accumulation compared with the previous period. On this basis, and increased productivity of photosynthesis - 3,32-6,55 g/m² per day depending on the time of sowing and different ways of applying micronutrients.

Application of microfertilizers for early sowing terms provided an increase in pure photosynthetic productivity by 2.4% in the case of seed treatment with Rexolin and 2.8-3.3% - for foliar application with Brasitrel and Rexolin. Favorable conditions for the formation of the maximum of the net photosynthetic productivity developed in the case of a combination of seed treatment and foliar application Rexolin and Brasitrel. During the formation of beans, seed ripening photosynthetic productivity in this case exceeded the figure for seed treatment options Rexolin by 2.0% for combination Rexolin + Rexolin and 3.5% - for combining Rexolin + Brasitrel.

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