Ivanova K.A., Bolda O.Y.

Kharkiv Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

Scientific Аdvisor: Ph.D., Assoc. Alekseeva T.I.
 

The Necessity of Developing Technoparks in UKRAINE

The problem of actuality of technoparks is particularly important for the restoration of their normal work in the current economic and financial crisis when you need quickly rebuild their methods of work, update products, and search for the new markets - just what is called «an innovative way of development. So, there is a necessity not to stop the developing of technoparks, but provide rehabilitation and further development of their activities.

That is why the scientists and economists pay attention to the problem of the developing of technoparks :I. Antipov,who analyzed the impact of technoparkson the innovativedevelopment,O. Shishkin–dealt with the main problems of Ukrainian technoparks,A.Prodius, V. Adamchukdetermined the nature and purpose of technoparks.

Technopark–is an important element of a modern market system, the organizational form of joining up firms, innovative companies, universities, consulting, innovative and other enterprises of service industries, the proper departments of government agencies into a single mechanism [1].

The economic growth of developed countries and their regions have been based for a long time on the use of sphere of knowledge and of high technologies and their effective combination guarantee the progressive development of the nation and mankind. The world experience shows that free economic zones such as technoparks,arenotable for a high level of innovation, and it is a form of integration of science and production. Technopark activity is connected with well-known research centers and universities, as well as with the economy of a certain region. Thus, the main idea is to create exceptionally favourable conditions for innovative activity in a limited area.

Technoparks can be considered as the following aspects of innovative activities:

The space for the realization of new ideas is created on the basis of the aspects that were prepared for innovation. The main element of the activities within technoparks is innovative projects. They are made high demands according the degree of novelty. They are put to multi- stageevaluation at the National Academy of Sciences, State scientific and technical expertise in the proper Ministries and Agencies, the Ministry of Education and Science. The final decision is made by a special committee of the Cabinet of Ministries. The course and the results of carrying- out the projects are constantly checked by the commissions composed of the representatives of the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Economy, tax and customs services, supervisory office and other departments , and they are published on the Web- site of MES.

The technopark’s projects usually include all stages of the innovation cycle - from applied researches and elaboration to production and realization of innovative products at market. The projects must have the degree of patent protection in the countries - potential consumers of these products.

A number of specific requirements lays claim to the projects during the examination [2]:

1. The realization of technopark’sproject cannot be a reason to reduce the tax liabilities for the project executor from the main activity (Law № 991 of 16.07.1999, p. 8);

2. Central executive authorities consider projects based on the criterias established by the Ministry of Education. These criterias include the following requirements:

- Innovative products;

- Compliance with prioritiesof technopark and government priorities of innovation activities;

- Keeping the level of contributions to the budget on the level of the previous year;

- Economic-effectiveness;

- Availability of necessary industrial infrastructure;

- List the risksof the executor of the project and versions fortheir compensation;

- Providing the project withfinancing at all the stages of its implementation;

- Ensure a high scientific and technical level of production;

- Import only the equipment, components and materials that are not produced in Ukraine or produced, but they do not meet the requirements;

- Protection of intellectual property used in the project;

-Budgetary effectiveness of the project must be provided no later than one year before the date ofending thespecial regime;

- Ensure the decision of social, economic and other questions.

After finishing the time of special regime most of the projects continue to produce the developed products. Receipts to the budget and non-budget funds are far exceed the amount of state aid.

Creating the technology parks in our countryis of particular importance. Accelerating of going out of the crisis and achieving the planned program of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine " reforms for economic growth’ is impossible without innovation. This truth is realized at all levels of government, by businessmen andscientists. That is why in many regions of Ukrainethere issearching activity for capable of functioning forms of integration science into productionin the condition of crisis and limited funding.

After the adoption of the Law of Ukraine"On special investment and innovation of technoloparks"by VerkhovnaRada in 1999, which provides state assistance in the form of economic benefits «tehnopark’smovement» began in Ukraine. The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine since 26.06.2000 № 1018 defines the procedure for transfer tax amounts to special accounts and their using by parks. At the same time technoparks inUkraine have not becomethe regional centers of innovationyet. As a part of the national project "Industrial Parks" attracted 4.3 billion USD for the implementation of seven projects in 2013. The Chairman of the Agency State Invest Project V.Kaskivcounted up that the creation of ten industrial parks with good engineering and transport infrastructure would provide 40,000 working places and attract investment of 2.5 billion dollarsduring five years. In addition to seven projects that havealready attracted large funds 16 projects with the volume of investments of about 5.7 billion USD are now in the stage of project completion [3]. The aim the bill is to create the conditions for speeding up development of intellectual capacious business within the components of the national project "Technopolis " in Ukraine ,to attract foreign direct investments ,to inculcate up the newest technologies and the best world experience . The priority areas are defined in this bill; they are Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa,and Lvov. Therefore, almost the whole country will be covered with the project.

Ukraine must develop "smart branches". In Ukraine, 35 % of students want to study science,but in the EU - only 7-9% [3]. It means that Ukrainians can express themselves in a new career and education here is the best investment of the state. They need not only governmentsupport,but as well as good commodity markets. Only Europe is not enough that is why Ukraine has to cooperate with China, Asia, Africa and other countries. Then foreigners will invest in our business. Another problemin Ukraineis expensivework-people,comparing for example, with China, so it will be difficult to find investors.

Today the technoparks in Ukraine are the only actually existing forms of innovation. There is aneed for updated regulatory base for the regulation the activities of these innovative structures. Actions of state support for the functioning of technoparks include: liberation from income tax and added tax, deliverance from import duties, using the system of speeded up amortization, full or partial (50%) interest-free crediting, full or partial compensation of percents. While in Ukraine in the near future there will notbe takencardinal measuresfor thenormalization working of technoparks, normative and legal regulation of their activities, such until recently successfully employed innovative structures put an end totheir existence. Thus, science as a generator of new knowledge should be recognized as a national priority and a major factor of economic reforms.It maybe only in the conditionsof consistent state science and technology policy, which is based on providing innovative security of the country, determination and realization of strategic priorities for scientific and technological development and creation the favorable business environment through measures of state regulation for companies that actively inculcate upthe innovations. Commercialization of the scientific research is an important component in the chain of science - technology - production - customer. Organizational factors of this process include innovative infrastructure and regulatory supportof commercializationenterprises; to economic:venture business. According the innovative infrastructure, Ukraine formed only some of its elements. The necessary conditions of formation are: the presence of regional research institutionsof high-class; highly qualified specialists in the production sector; privileged possibility to lease or buy industrial buildings or a plot of the land; presence of technological infrastructure and venture capital.

Literature:

1. Mertsalov DY Park for Peace : Prospects for Development . - M . : CSRS , 1998. - 245c.

2. [ Electron resource ]: - http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/991-14

3. AA Mazur, S. Pustovoyt : Technology Park Ukraine: Digits , facts , problems - ISSN 1815-2066. Science and innovation . T. 9 , № 3, 2013 -C . 59-72