География и геология/5.Картография и геоинформатика.
Shamshidenov A.S.
Research supervisor:
Dr.Sci.Biol., professor Mamytov J.U.
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Geoecological
division into districts of the basin of the Lake Alakol with use of GIS
technology
The
developed GIS of technology allow making thematic maps with concrete and
targeted tasks. It allows to achieve a goal in very short terms. The purpose of
the offered work is drawing up the geoecological map with use of the ArcGIS 9.3
program in scale 1: 200 000 It was is created on the
basis of a topographic map of the corresponding scale of the Alakol area and
the scheme of the created A. S. Aktymbayeva "геоэкологическая
районирование
бассейн
Алакольской
озеры" [1].
The
received results of this map allow reflecting interactions of alive organisms
(including the person) with a surrounding medium, and in a broader sense –
interaction of social and economic and natural geosystems [2].
Besides,
exercise of geoecological division into districts is urged to consecrate in
space aspect sharpness of an ecological situation in the concrete region or
geosystem. This concept covers such changes of the environment surrounding the
person which cause deterioration of standard conditions of activity and human
health, exhaustion or loss of natural resources, decrease or loss the forming a
resource of properties geosystems. In this plan is the reason of geoecological
strength both anthropogenesis, and the natural processes provoked by
environmental disasters and internal structure of geosystems [3].
When
developing geoecological division into districts of object of research we used
the criteria of sharpness of ecological destabilization of a surrounding medium
of the basin of the Lake Alakol which are based on the accounting of levels of
ecological strength, offered by A.V. Chigarkin (table)
Table - Levels of ecological strength of a surrounding medium [3]
|
Category |
Level of Ecological
Strength |
Criteria of ecological strength of environment |
the
broken geosystem |
|
|
% |
points |
|||
|
1 |
Catastrophic |
Profound, irreversible changes of the majority of natural components |
81-100 |
5 |
|
2 |
Critical |
Profound, reversible changes of the majority of natural components |
61-80 |
4 |
|
3 |
Strained |
the Considerable, reversible negative changes in a condition of
separate natural components |
41-60 |
3 |
|
4 |
Satisfactory |
Noticeable, easily removable changes in structure of natural
components |
21-40 |
2 |
|
5 |
Favourable |
Almost the total absence of negative ecological changes |
0-20 |
1 |
The listed
levels of ecological destabilization are reflected in a schematic map of
geoecological division into districts of the basin of the Lake Alakol. 6 areas
and 17 subdistricts are reflected in it, each of which is characterized by
specific geoecological properties [1].
Let's
consider geoecological areas and subdistricts of the basin of the Lake Alakol:
1. Alakolsky lake livestock
and recreational area. In the territory of
the area the Alakol national park on preservation of a relict seagull and
habitats of waterfowl is located. For the area the favorable level ecological
destabilizations is characteristic.
2. Erosive-denudatsionny
mountainous area.
2 A subdistrict ridge Western Tarbagatay, level of ecological strength -
satisfactory.
2 В subdistrict
Zhetysu Alatau, stock-raising and recreational, the level of ecological
strength – intense.
3. Area hilly slackness loessial foothills of
ridges Tarbagatay and Barlyk.
3 А hilly slackness the
loessial foothills Tarbagataya, level of ecological strength – satisfactory.
3 В hilly slackness the
loessial foothills of Barlyk, level of ecological strength – satisfactory.
4. The area alluvial
prolyuvial foothill sloping plains, the level of ecological strength – intense.
4 А foothill
plain of Zhetysus AlaTau.
4 В foothill
plain of ridges Barlyk and Maily.
4 С foothill plain Tarbagatay.
5. Area of alluvial and
lake and alluvial flat plains.
5А
the alluvial plain,
level of ecological strength - intense.
5В the
lake and alluvial plain, level of ecological strength - satisfactory.
6.
The area of the melkosopochny mountain and nizkogorye, level of
ecological strength – satisfactory.
6 A Arganaty-Arkarla's
subdistrict.
6 B Saykana's subdistrict.
6 C Arakarla's
subdistrict.
6 D subdistrict of
Baltabay.
6 E Bakhta's subdistrict.
6 F subdistrict
Seyrektas.
6 J subdistrict Kyzyl-Beldeu.
7. Sand - the level of ecological strength intense.
Thus, in the territory of the basin of the Lake Alakol the geoecological
areas established on sharpness of the modern ecological situation separately
are allocated the enclaves united by a community of various factors of a
tectonic are considered. The particular system of actions for restitution and
stabilization of an ecological condition of the broken geosystems is developed
for each of the allocated categories of ecologically destabilized regions, as
is a main goal of geoecological division into districts.
Literature
1. Актымбаева А.С. Оценка экологической устойчивости бассейна озера Алаколь в
условиях антропогенного воздейства, Алматы: КазНУ им. аль-Фараби, 2007 ж. с 91-99
2. География. Современная иллюстрированная
энциклопедия. — М.: Росмэн. Под
редакцией проф. А. П. Горкина. 2006
г. 213 с
3. Чигаркин
А.В. Геоэкология Казахстана (географические аспекты природопользования и охраны
природы). – Алматы: Қазақ университеті, 2006. – 414 с.