Psychology and sociology
/5. Psikhologo-vospitatelnye problems of development of the personality in
modern conditions
Ê.g.n. Plyushch I.V.
The Siberian state space
university of M. F. Reshetnyov,
the Siberian federal
university, Russia
LOSS
OF FUNCTION OF PRIMARY SOCIAL CONTROL
BY
SOCIETY
Social
traditional reactions are developed by society as regulators of performance by
certain individuals of socially approved behavior forms. In process of activity
technologization society loses possibility of regulation of separate structures
and adequate response to behavior of certain people.
Accommodation
of the person in city conditions – rather recent invention of mankind. The
modern city is not simply a place of compact accommodation of people with a
high density of moving. The urbanization creates the new social environment.
Complexity of the social system arising in the conditions of the city generates
specific characteristics and properties of an urban environment. As well as at
any other change of social conditions, the urbanization creates a number of new
problems. Society solves some of these problems. It is possible to give
development of hygienic representations and norms as an example as the answer
to increase in quantity and scales of epidemics of various infectious diseases
in the medieval European cities. But the majority of problems and difficulties
which are created by the city, for the present have no adequate decision – we
only start them realizing.
Permission
of these problems is interfered by their novelty, lack of social experience,
dynamism of the arising social realities. Time for their understanding and
development of mechanisms of their control is required. It is necessary to
carry dysfunction of management which is shown through a tendency of increase
in number of the population gaining experience of offenses to the problems
which are constantly expanding in the last decades. Implementation of activity
in the city happens in the conditions of plurality of social environments
(labor, leisure, communicative, family). The individual realizes a set of
social roles in various social environments in various social groups, independent
from each other.
As a result,
it causes decrease in primary social control developed by society as
spontaneous situational social reaction for other social conditions (more
transparent for community). Spaces continue to be multiplied: it is promoted by
development of technologies, social and physical activity of the personality.
Individualization of kinds of activity. Residents of the cities exist at the
same time in several various social spaces removed from each other, often
absolutely not crossed.
The modern understanding of social control
relies on management, reduction in compliance with norms. G. Ross and G. Park,
after G. Tard, understood ways of public influence of society in the person of
the public on the personality for the purpose of regulation of her behavior and
its reduction in compliance with the standard norms in this community as social
control. Social control, in their opinion, serves achievement and maintenance
of stability of social system [1]. Modern writers keep such interpretation –
for example, V. V. Kasyanov formulates social control as the special mechanism
of social regulation of behavior of people and maintenance of a public order [2].
Modern society keeps requirement of regulation and influence on behavior of the
individual.
Problem in
that in modern social conditions of plurality of local social spaces the
individual as social unit is split on a set of the differentiated social roles
which are executed in the spaces distanced, not interacting with each other. In
these conditions society has no opportunity to react as complete system and by
that loses opportunity to exercise control. Activity of social processes even
more is increased now by dissociation and plurality of spaces.
For example,
migratory streams I increase plurality of cultural and subcultural environments
in the general territorial space of direct interaction of people. The diversity
and availability of the information environment (the Internet where each
individual has opportunity to find or create the local information space)
provides and supports washing out of unity of the cultural environment.
In modern
conditions society has no opportunity to exercise primary social control
neither at the level of a family, nor at the level of the immediate environment
(neighbors, relatives, professional group, leisure group). Thus, primary social
control as the mechanism of regulation of behavior of the individual, the
mechanism of correction of its behavior model ceases to function. Spaces
continue to separate, primary social control decreases. Primary social control
ceases to work as information for its realization becomes insufficiently. In process of division of social
functional spaces also the roles played by one individual are differentiated.
Spaces
continue to be multiplied: it is promoted by development of technologies,
social and physical activity of the personality, individualization of kinds of
activity. Residents of the cities exist at the same time in several various
social spaces removed from each other, often absolutely not crossed.
This condition decides by plurality of spaces
of the city on various functions: with some individuals residents live in one
space (neighbors in the house, down the street), with others in common work
(fellow workers), with the third spend leisure-time. Local social spaces are
sometimes combined, but are more often absolutely isolated from each other.
Activity of each certain individual in spaces submits to the role model
recognized as norm for this space. But the trajectory of development of the
individual in one space can not coincide with a trajectory in other. Closeness
of these spaces realization by one individual of several role models promote.
The
statistics confirms – the farther from the city, the it is less than crimes of
violent character, crimes against the personality. In modern society of an
urban environment there is a vicious circle – the razvetvlenny social structure
of secondary formal control, the more people get under action of these
structures, promoting thereby further expansion of offenses and the next
expansion of formal structures of control. Thus for the individuals who aren't
making offenses, the zone of free space is narrowed from two parties - both
from offenders, and from law enforcement agencies. As a result, in society the
intensity provoking, in turn, certain individuals to violation of social norms
collects social.
Literature
1. Social control \\Wikipedia:
free encyclopedia//https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%
2. Kasyanov V. V., Nechipurenko
V. N. Sotsiologiya is right / M., 2001\\ http://socioline.ru/pages/kasyanov-vv-nechipurenko-vn-sotsiologiya-prava