PhD in Philosophy, Petrova Yulia Andreevna
Lubianitskii
Pavel Yurievich
Rostov State University of Economics (RIPE)
The
cluster approach in the Customs union and the Common Economic Space
As the EU experience shows, clusters development is
a prospective instrument of increasing competitive ability of the national
economy. The development of the cluster form of production organization can
play an important role in competitive growth and stimulation of innovative
development and increase of the population level of employment for the member
states of the Customs Union and Common Economic Space.
Clusters can be used as one of the instruments of
forming the well-coordinated and subsequently consentaneous industrial policy
within the frameworks of the Common Economic Space. For example: there is a
significant potential for creating joint innovative and industrial clusters in
Smolensk and Vitebsk regions. The cluster can be created with the purpose of
increasing the innovative activity of already existing large enterprises by
means of the implementation of innovative solutions by companies and
research-and-development centers of the cluster for traditional industrial
sectors, increasing their marketability on the world market.
The availability of such a cluster will have the
positive impact on such enterprises of Common Economic Space like OJSC Smolensk
aircraft factory, OJSC Orsha Aircraft Repair Plant, FSUE "SPA
"Analitpribor", OJSC Izmeritel and other.
In addition, meetings of representatives of the
Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Russia and Belarus are regularly conducted
on the level of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Smolensk region. This
proves the high existing potential of economic integration and industrial and
technological cooperation of the regions.
The first steps in this regard should be the
investigation of business interests of three countries and conditions of
economic management which have already formed in countries of the Common
Economic Space. Every state has formed its distinctive models of innovative
business development. There are also differences in the national policies of
support of the innovative business with respect to the tax, budget, financial,
and credit policy. Because of the fact that clusters traditionally develop from
bottom to the upper level, the analysis of conditions for the development of
innovative small and middle entrepreneurship, determining certain trends and
prospects of its development are of critical importance for the cluster
approach implementation.
The European Commission operates On the
supra-national level of the EU. It is the primary executive body which takes
decision on creating different initiatives on clusters development and
approving interstate programs on innovative clusters financing.
Responsible structural subdivisions on the
development and implementation of clusters development programs is The
Directorate-General (DG) for Internal Market, Industry, and
Entrepreneurship. The Directorate
coordinates and improves various interstate initiatives (Initiative Pro INNO Europe) and implements practical instruments which
promote development of interaction between clusters of EU countries with the
purpose of increasing economic development via development of competitive
abilities of economies.
EU experience shows that the well-coordinated policy
based on the operable institutes of its growth stimulation is required for
solving tasks of increasing competitive ability of innovative products on the
stage of deep economic integration of the countries.
EU experience can be the basis of forming a similar
mechanism within the frameworks of developing the cluster approach in the
Common Economic Space.
In the Russian Federation, the cluster approach is
included to the Concept of the long-term social and economic development till
2010.
The following key instruments are used for the
support of pilot programs of development of 25 innovative territorial clusters:
1.
Providing subsidies to the budgets of the constituent entities of the
Russian Federation for the purposes of implementation of measures provided by
programs of pilot clusters development;
2.
Providing support to the implementation of measures of the programs of
pilot clusters development within the frameworks of the federal target programs
and governmental programs of the Russian Federation;
3.
Attracting state development institutes to the implementation of
programs of pilot clusters development;
4.
Stimulating participation of large companies with public ownership
implementing programs of innovative development.
A good
example of the successfully developing cluster in Russia is the city of Kaluga
with active production of cars and vehicle components. The basis of it has been
formed by such companies as Volkswagen,
Volvo Truck, alliance of Peugeot-Citroen and Mitsubishi Motors.
Existing
developments can become the basis for cooperation between member states of the
Customs Union and the Common Economic
Space.
But in
spite of obvious advantages of the cluster approach, it has certain drawbacks,
namely: the probability of corruption in bureaucratic institutions and conflict
between separate adjoining ministries and departments in the course of the
state regulation of clusters, occurrence of the companies blocking effect.
We can conclude that the cluster policy is
really efficient for increasing the level of competitive ability of countries of the EU, Customs Union, and Common
Economic Space. That is why the arrangement of clusters during the period of
the economic crisis is an important aspect for increasing economic development
of states and improvement of their economies.
Bibliography
1.
Clusters, as a new form of competitive relations
in the modern economy: http://referatwork.ru/refs/source/ref-122446.html
2.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%EE%ED%EA%F3%F0%E5%ED%F6%E8%FF
3.
World economic forum http://www.vigorconsult.ru/resources/global-competitiveness/