Economic science / 2. Foreign economic activity
PhD, Lutskiv O.M.
SI
"²nstitute of Reg³onal Research n.a. M.². Dol³shniy of the NAS of
Ukraine"
FEATURES, PRIORITIES AND PRINCIPLES TO SUPPORT INNOVATIVE
PROCESSES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
European countries focusing on creating a
knowledge economy, which is typical for finding and producing innovative ideas
and technological solutions. Main
strategic priority to the European Union is to develop the areas of research
and scientific and technical developments. To support and stimulate economic
growth and prosperity of member states conducting effective innovation policy
based on market principles and provides favorable conditions for development
and innovation. To this end the EU steadily increasing spending on science,
innovation and high technology.
It should be
noted that over the past decade in the EU have been significant changes in the
principles of formation of innovative policies and mechanisms to stimulate
innovation both at international level and in the individual EU member states.
To date, the EU Member States differ significantly on public order, and the
pace of economic development. In this regard, the development of innovative
processes in each of these countries proceed differently, are characterized by
different rates and scope of scientific and technological development, specific
forms of organization innovation and tools support.
Considering the
experience of the EU, it should be noted that innovation processes are carried
out in these countries in the following areas: development of a unified
anti-monopoly laws; use of accelerated depreciation of equipment; R&D tax
relief; encouraging the development of small innovative businesses; funding of
new technologies; stimulating co university research and companies producing
innovative high-tech products [1].
Regional problems of EU member states resolved through close contact of the
central government and local authorities, as it is better known in recent
technical, economic and social problems and needs of the regions. The central
government plays a decisive role in the basic research and the training of
scientific personnel, and the regions involved in the spread of innovation. In
EU countries the state encourages these kinds of innovation, as research and
development; acquisition of equipment designed for research and development;
technology transfer - the acquisition of patents and licenses bezpatentnyh,
protection of intellectual property, research and development, technological
nature of services; industrial design; staff training; enterprises concluding
contracts and cooperation with scientific research organizations; purchase of
software; the creation of new innovative enterprises [2]. It is in the context of
regional economic and management mechanism can provide sufficiently effective
and flexible institutional forms of support for innovative activity, based on
the principles of a market economy. That search for external replaced solving
regional problems finding internal solutions in the region.
Regional innovation EU policy aimed
primarily at achieving two main goals: 1) formulate and implement local
research and innovation strategy mobilizing all available resources 2)
adjustment of intra and inter-regional cooperation, formation of innovation networks
of different types.
The basic
principles of EU innovation policy is: subsidiarity EU Member States; mutual
assistance, the maximum consolidation effort and concentration of all available
resources of the Member States; encourage the "European dimension" of
research projects; joint financing, according to which all projects financed by
all Member States; universality, provides maximum opportunities for all
participants to mobilize research and innovation; financing of pre-projects,
which allows you to create the necessary material basis for free creative
scientific research without hard "peg" to the capabilities of
scientists technologizing expected results.
In the context of these
principles and defined the main directions of innovation development support EU
Member States [3]:
1. Increased attention to
fundamental research as the basis for creating innovative technologies.
2. Preparation of highly
qualified scientific personnel, able to provide a stable scientific and
technological progress of all EU member states.
3. Strengthening inter-regional
and inter-regional cooperation in research and innovative technologies, the
development of a common policy of development.
4. The increase in funding for
scientific innovation development programs (bringing costs each EU Member State
a minimum of 3% of GDP).
5. Innovation and technological
upgrading of uncompetitive industries.
6. Maximum promoting the
innovation space throughout the EU.
7. Creating a pan-European
information environment and the single European Research Area.
Financial support for
innovation is an important factor stimulating its development. Member States
used direct and indirect methods of stimulating innovative development. To
stimulate innovation EU member states apply a number of tax preferences. That is one of the means of
support for innovation is shock stimulation.
In general, it should be noted
that regional innovation policy in the EU is carried towards the organization
of legislative bases of innovation and setting up public-private partnership
through the creation of regional venture funds, creation of elements of
innovation infrastructure: industrial parks, business incubators, technology
transfer centers. Experience
stimulate innovative processes aimed at strengthening competitive position in
global markets technology may be useful and Ukraine.
Literature
1. Europe
2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union [Electronic resource]. – Access mode http://www.eesc.europa.eu/?i=portal.en.int-opinions.15480
2. Skrocki A.
Eurochance [Electronic resource] / À. Skrocki. – Access mode:
www.vidart.com.pl/07_02/ 190_12.htm
3. OECD
Reviews of Regional Innovation: Regions and Innovation Policy. – Publications
on Regional Development, 2011. – 315 ð.