Bryakotnin Nikolay Aleksandrovich
National research Irkutsk state technical university, Russia
MONITORS AND THEIR FEATURES
Problem statement. Monitor (display) of a
computer - a device that is designed to display text and graphic information.
The monitor is one of the most important parts of a personal computer. During
operation, we are constantly in contact with the monitor screen. Eye comfort
while working with your computer depends on the monitor size and image quality.
The level of radiation coming from the monitor should be as secure as possible
for our health.
Key findings. Consider the main
characteristics of monitors:
• the size of the monitor. Size is measured between opposite corners
on a diagonal of the monitor and is measured in inches. Larger monitor is
preferred when you working with graphics.
• vertical frequency (refresh rate). It indicates the number of times
within a second monitor can completely change the picture. The higher the
frequency, the more stable and clearer the image. Thereby reducing eyestrain,
accordingly it is possible to work more time without interruption.
• aspect ratio. As a rule, the monitors are working text and graphic
modes.
When operating in a text mode, the
monitor is divided by 25 lines of 80 positions on each line. In such position
can be output extended characters ASCII.
When operating in a graphic mode,
the monitor displays more complex images and labels with various fonts and
sizes of letters formed from individual elements (pixels).
The difference between the modes is
that creates a text mode for each symbol "matrix" of pixels and then
printed on the monitor. Due to this, the rate of output images in text mode is
significantly higher than the rate in the graphical output.
The aspect ratio of the monitor is
important in the graphic mode and depends on pixel size. Maximum aspect ratio
is measured by the number of pixels.
• video RAM. The screen displays the image generated by the computer
processor. Monitor (its adapter) must have a special memory, called video memory,
which records the image processor. After that, the video adapter (regardless of
the CPU) outputs the contents written in the video memory on the screen,
thereby allowing the CPU to do other tasks.
When working in graphics mode screen
video memory contains information for each point of the monitor. It should be
written in terms color, which it should be represented. Therefore, the high
resolution of the monitor requires more video memory
• Dot pitch (the minimum distance between the points of the on-screen),
determines the sharpness of the image on the monitor. The less dot pitch, the higher
sharpness, so that less tired eyes. The dot pitch size of monitors ranges from
0.41 to 0.18 mm. In screens with a large dot pitch resolving power cannot be
high.
• The color resolution (color depth) determines the number of
different colors that can take a single point of the screen. The maximum color
resolution is dependent on the parameters of video and, most importantly, the
number of its video memory. It also depends on the resolution of your monitor.
The more points, the less space is necessary to allocate to each point in the
video memory, so the information is limited colors.
The most comfortable work achieved
at a color depth of 16.7 million colors. To work in full color True Color mode
with a high screen resolution requires significant memory size.
Types of monitors:
The computer monitors used cathode ray tubes (CRTs). Some computers still used Monitors CRT (cathode ray
tube). The image on this screen is created by a beam of electrons, which are
emitted by an electron gun. High voltage accelerates the electron beam, and
then falls to the inner surface of the screen coated with
phosphor (a substance that glows under the influence on him of the electrons).
Liquid crystal displays (LCD monitors).
LCD-screen display is an array of small segments, which are called pixels.
Pixels are manipulated to display information. LCD-monitor has several layers.
A key role is played in such screens panel made of very pure glass material.
They comprise a thin layer of liquid crystal between them. These panels are
grooves that guide crystals. Grooves reported special crystals orientation.
They are arranged so that they are parallel to each panel, but perpendicular to
the two panels. Longitudinal grooves are the result of placing the glass on the
surface of thin plates of transparent plastic, which is a special case. Liquid
crystal molecules are oriented in the same way in all the cells in contact with
the grooves.
Touch screen. Communication with the
computer is by touching a finger to a certain place of the monitor. Such
manipulation of the desired mode is selected from a menu displayed on the
screen. Usually equipped with touch-screen operator workstations and
controllers, they are used in information systems, etc.
Conclusion. Monitors began to
evolve from the tube to the plate. Emerging technologies such monitors with
which it is possible to hang on the wall monitor, thanks to their compactness.
Of course, scientists have been actively working on traditional technologies,
improving their quality, but at the same time they create a fundamentally new
technology. Some of these technologies have brought to the level of industrial
products, others are still at the stage of laboratory tests, but today promises
to surpass its characteristics brethren.
Literature
1.
Kolesnichenko O.V. Hardware
PC. Publishing house: BHV- Petersburg, 2010 g. 782 p.
2.
Scot Muller. Upgrading
and Repairing PCs. 17 issue. M.Vilyams, 2007 g. 889p.
3. Tanenbaum E. Computer architecture. 5 issue.
2007 g. 844 p.