Master student Amirbekov A

Master student Amirbekov A.B., Candidate of Technical Sciences Kocherov Ye.N. Candidate of Technical Sciences, professor RAS Kolesnikov A. S.

South-Kazakhstan State University names after M.Auezov,

Republic of Kazakhstan, Shymkent city

REVIEW TO THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL-INNOVATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

The rapid growth of population in the world and an ecological crisis are leaving the agriculture in an absolutely new sphere. The use of mineral fertilizers is growing in the issues of food safety and environment protection.

At the second half of a previous century “The Green Revolution” multiplied food production for three times, and the number of population has rapidly grew from 3 to 6 billion. According to statistical researches in 2030 the number of population will reach 8.5 billion people, and because of this it is needed to increase the food production to 50% (picture 1). But the usable agricultural land recourses are shrinking year by year, for that reason it is crucially important to use the arable land effectively.

Picture 1. Proportion of arable land to the number of population

European countries effectively realized agricultural sphere, although Europe is one of the largest importer of agricultural products. During the then latest years real import volume has increased to 65 mln. tons, i.e. to 40% from the export volume. Range of arable agricultural land in Europe amounts to 35 mln. Hectares (approximately equal to the territory of Germany) (picture 2).

Picture 2. Index of fertilizers use in globa agriculture.

From now crop yield and agricultural productivity must apply to the requirements of ХХІ century. Fertilizers are the key to the productive use of arable land.

Production of mineral fertilizers is a stable and financially profitable chemical sphere. Nowadays the following states are the hugest chemical fertilizers: 21 % of market belongs to China, 13% to the USA, 10% to India, 8% to Russia and 8% to Canada. Since 2006 high results has been showing by South-East Asia and Latin America. Also, phosphorousand nitrate fertilizer production centers spread by consuming areas as well, and potassium nitrate production is based on raw material production centers. For that reason nowadays nitrate and phosphorousfertilizer producers are based in Asia, China, India and South America –the USA, and potassium nitrate fertilizer producers are based in Canada, Russia and Belorussia.

According to the results of agrochemical researches 95% of agricultural land of our Republic needs the use of nitrate and phosphorousfertilizers. And in this very situation use of efficient amount of nitrate and phosphorousfertilizers can enlarge the productivity and quality of agricultural products [1].

In the works of several authors information about the nomenclature of phosphorus, its compounds and applications, fertilizer, salt and other feed additives were presented. Short summary of modern technologies of obtaining the element phosphorus, phosphoric acid, fertilizers was enounced. Types of phosphorus, phosphate ores and their manufacturing mineries were described. Methods of phosphate ore location search, research and evaluation, also the methodology of phosphate ore quality testing and methodologies of manufacturing evaluation of mineries were reported. The domestic and foreign technologies and methodologies of phosphate ore production and its enrichment were discussed. Reserves of phosphate ore, dynamics of global manufacturing and consuming, the main market tendencies and long-term development perspectives of phosphate manufacture were analyzed [2-5].

An essential condition for the development of an efficient use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture, to provide the required nutrients in relation to time. Thus, to maintain stability in the production of mineral fertilizers. Rise in the cost of raw materials and energy resources, technology development and product demands attention to the effective range of questions.

Literature

1. Kenenbayev S. K., S. B. Ramazanova, E. T. Suleimenov. The use of mineral fertilizers under crops in the Republic of Kazakhstan //soil science and Agrochemistry. - 2009. - No. 2. - P. 69 to 76.

2. I. G. Grishaev, etc . The world is sulfur, N, P and K. Bulletin of JSC "NIUIF", Moscow, vol. 1 (2004).

3. K. N. Ovchinnikov. The world is sulfur, N, P and K. Bulletin of JSC "NIUIF", Moscow, vol. 5 (2003).

4. I. N. Chumachenko, etc. the Need for and stock of fertilizers. Bulletin of VIUA, No. 114 2001).