Economics/13.Regional
economy
PhD Ostapenko E. A.
Stavropol
state agrarian University, Russia
PhD Lapina E. N.
Stavropol
state agrarian University, Russia
PhD S. Y. Shamrina
Stavropol
state agrarian University, Russia
Tools diversifying the
economy to enhance strategic stability in regions
The level of socio-economic situation in the
Russian regions is directly dependent on the historical heterogeneity of their
development, have a direct impact on the functioning of the country, economic
efficiency, and socio-economic policy of the state.
Market relations and economic crises have
strengthened the interregional differentiation due to the following reasons:
First, market competition has divided the
region according to their competitive advantages and disadvantages, which is
the result of a different adaptation to the market.
Second, the reduction of public investment in
the development of the regions, the abolition of regional socio-economic
expansion joints.
Third, economic inequality of subjects of the
Russian Federation with the centre.
Historically
and the growing heterogeneity of regional development is the factor of
socio-economic instability underlying various conflicts.
However, the existing regional
disparities largely arise from objective reasons, the need for weakening which
can not be doubted. This problem is solved in the framework of socio-economic
policy of the region.
A study of the organization of
regional governance suggests that the modern system of management of
development of the region has a number of significant drawbacks:
First, in the regional office
development of a narrow set of tools, based on budget transfers and Federal
target programs. Modern instruments of management development of region in the
system of public administration are being introduced very slowly.
Second, administrative reform
and the introduction of budgeting focused on result, focused on the Federal
level of government. It is therefore difficult to identify quality control
region, to provide indicators of development of the Russian regions, to define
their relationship with the actions of public authorities.
Third, the lack of a commonly accepted typology of
regions, which does not allow to distinguish between these indicators for each
type of territories and to define in relation to them parameters of state
policy.
Fourth, the lack of interregional cooperation and the inefficient use of
budget funds is a consequence of the lack of mechanisms of coordination and
synchronization of development strategies of regions development strategies of
municipalities and the Federal sectoral strategies.
Fifth, the absence of an approved General scheme of spatial development
of the Russian Federation, which would be indicated by Federal priorities for
the development of specific regions of the country, to ensure and support the
national goals of doubling GDP and reducing poverty and preserving the
integrity of the country, in relation to old industrial regions, in relation to
raw material zones.
Sixthly, the loss of culture is planning to use the area. A new
analytical model of the spatial organization of the country is not in demand in
law enforcement and the budget process. Project
and design documentation is stored in the form in which it has developed in the
Soviet era, but relatively effectively to carry out its regulatory function.
The difficult economic situation of recent years has forced the
government and business organizations to pay special attention to unused
potential of regional economy and improvement of the regional structure as a
way to increase economic efficiency.
Regional policy of the Federal center needs to
be focused on predicting and managing the spatial development of the country on
the territory of priority development, which form the main contribution to the
sustainable development of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. As
such zones are usually, large urban agglomerations, transport and logistics
nodes, zones of development of industry and agriculture, the development zone
of territorial-industry clusters, zones of innovative development and creation
of high technologies, tourism, resort and other recreational areas, areas of
cultural and natural landscapes. The allocation of areas of advanced
development with the definition of the basic directions of their development
(specializations) will most accurately and systematically predict the main
directions of socio-economic development of the territories concerned, and, on
this basis, to plan rational distribution of state and municipal infrastructure
and effective regulatory measures designed to ensure the creation of favorable
conditions for realization of the development potential of the territories.
An effective instrument of regional policy and
regulation of territorial development, which became widespread in the developed
world, are Agency (the Corporation) regional development as non-state actors
working at the intersection of business interests and the state, and carrying
out targeted training of specific areas to initiate certain projects.
One of the main conditions of efficiency of
planning of socio-economic systems of different levels, according to Russian
economists, is the creation of a system for strategic planning, involving all
levels of the economy.
The main strategic goal of economic development of
regions and countries should be the task of the transition from the traditional
resource model to innovation, ensuring economic sustainability and
competitiveness.
In the interest of development of innovative economy
the state must develop and implement an appropriate strategy that would be
aimed at facilitating structural change in the economy in the direction of
overcoming of export-dependence on raw materials and maintaining a consistently
high dynamics and quality of economic growth. The transition to innovative type
of development inevitably causes changes in all components of the economic
system, guaranteeing a natural restructuring of the economy.
For the majority of subjects of the Russian Federation
the main strategic objective of the regional socio-economic policy is the
diversification of the economy. The priority for the government should give the
development of small and medium-sized businesses. It is a small business able
to adapt quickly to a dynamic market economy and, at the same time, is a direct
participant in innovative projects. Such behaviour of participants of small
business is due to a relatively high kapitalooborota, as well as the
possibility of using various forms of state support of business entities. It
should be noted that this is not the only way of diversifying the economy.
At the present stage of economy development strengthening of the
processes of diversification, the formation of diversified holdings and
financial-industrial groups, formation of corporate sector of the economy
confirms compliance with the priorities that characterize the global economic
environment.
Diversification in the economy presents a multifunctional mechanisms
that provide a real multiplier effect from their implementation, with a focus
on effective use of economic reserves and the organizational resources of
regions and local competitive advantages, ensure the stable growth of living
standards of the population.
The development of public-private partnerships reflecting the interests
of the company, acts as the nodal factor of sustainable development of
territories. The need for such interaction is that in the conditions of market
economy the state can not do without the business, at the same time, and
entrepreneurial activity cannot exist without a state. In this regard, the
institution of partnership between the state and business should be seen as:
1) part of a system of
measures of state regulation of ensuring the implementation of industrial
policy, stimulation of innovation activity, attraction of investments in
infrastructure and social sector;
2) mechanism to
involve the private sector to deliver public services;
3) a mechanism to attract the private sector to
deliver public services;
4) a tool to attract
private initiative and investment, while maintaining state control over
strategically important assets;
5) the source of
long-term investment and implementation mechanism of long-term economic
development strategies of sectoral and territorial-industrial complexes.
The creation of a favourable business environment conducive to expansion
of partnership between business and government. Practical experience shows that
contribute to this, primarily:
− creation of necessary social and engineering infrastructure;
− providing financial support (tax benefits, financing of
projects, assistance in obtaining funds);
− attraction of investments, assistance in finding markets and
establishing production and technological relations, creating new products,
conducting research, development;
− development of cooperation and integration to overcome the
sparseness of small farms and increase their effectiveness.
The so-called «rules of the game» play an
important role in the rationalization of relations of business and government
that lead to the stimulation of entrepreneurial business on the basis of the
principles of expediency for the establishment of most-favored-nation in the
effective use of the potential of economic entities.
The development of civil society institutions
is one of the methods of improving the management of regional development with
the aim of increasing stability in the region. First of all, the improvement of
the local self-government and the strengthening of its economic and financial
independence. Foreign and domestic experience shows that the potential of this
level of power is very essential but is used inefficiently.
Literature:
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development of the agrarian sphere / Agarkova L. V., T. G. gurnovich T. G., A.
S. Bezlepko // Bulletin of Adyghe state University. Series 5: Economics. 2010.
No. 3. S. 103-107.
2. Agarkova, L. V. Development of tools for
strengthening food security / Agarkova L. V., T. G. gurnovich T. G., A. V.
Agarkov // Bulletin AIC Stavropol. 2013. ¹ 3 (11). S. 87-93.
3. Belyaev, S. V. Crisis, how to make a choice?
optimization or innovation / S. V. Belyaev, N. Yu. Pervova // Economics and entrepreneurship. 2015. ¹ 6-1 (59-1). P. 673-675.
4. Belyaev, S. V. Problems and methods of
estimation of competitiveness of the enterprise / S. V. Belyaev, N. Yu. Pervova // Economics and entrepreneurship. 2015. ¹ 5-2 (58-2). P. 857-861.