ФИЛОСОФИЯ
/ 4.Философия
культуры
Elkhova Oksana Igorevna, Doctor of Philosophy , professor,
Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Bashkir State University, Russia;
HUMAN TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN WORLD
At
the end of XX beginning of XXI centuries the topic of human technological
transformation is represented in the philosophical systems transhumanists A.
Bolonkin, I. Vishev, G.Moravek, G. Reynolds, F. Fukuyama, R. Ettinger.
In
transhumanism improvement of the human body through the use of technological
methods, going beyond the usual limits of human existence become targets. The
transhumanist concepts approved by the thought that as a result of scientific
and technological revolution to replace the person will posthuman
(human-modified), which has fundamentally new skills. Among the means of
becoming a posthuman mentioned: nanotechnology, genetic engineering, artificial
intelligence, medicine for mood changes and memory improvement, anti-aging
therapy, embedded computing devices. Transhumanists also hold ideas about
informational nature of the human psyche, the preservation of which is becoming
a matter of technique, here it grows the idea of human immortality.
In
recent years, the immense scale of the development becomes associated with
nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is currently one of the most important and
priority directions of modern science. In scientific discussions of
nanotechnology are considered as the basis of a new technological revolution
that will lead to fundamental changes in all spheres of society, to a change in
its quality of life and, as a consequence, the social aspects. While for most
people the term «nanotechnology» is an abstraction, but today nanotechnology
become a key science and technology orientation.
The
basic principles of nanotechnology research acquire the character of an
interdisciplinary methodology, which is the leading application areas: physics,
chemistry, biology. Formation of new paradigm in science, technology and engineering,
determines the development of nanotechnology, human picks up the theme of the
technical transformation of a previously unprecedented level. We can say that
now unfolds nanotechnology boom, there are specific areas of scientific and
practical research as a nanobiology and nanomedicine.
The
research programs of nano bio technology involved a growing number of
scientists. Thus, one of its directions is to create a special molecular
devices intended for the detection of certain substances present in the human
body to detect specific nucleic acid sequences and indicates a change in the
genetic material of cells and mutations. Practical problems nanomedicine is the
application of high-tech methods for the treatment of human and rejuvenation.
Experimental studies in this area are related to the use of nano-sized
particles, which in human blood can pass to any body, even the most narrow
capillaries.
There
are already developing: the robot repairman, mechanical "surgeon" in
the circulatory system, «assembler» − a device for repair of living
organisms. Currently, research is underway to create micro devices that are
able to function within the body. It is expected that these devices will either
be permanently fixed, or will be able to navigate through the surface of the
inner cavities of the human body and even make its passages in the tissues. It
can be expected that the yield on a commercial biotechnology market for new
systems will take place in the foreseeable time for us.
It
argued the thesis that replaced biological evolution of man, which has come to
its limit, coming technological evolution of man, in which further changes
occur in the human side of his transformation into a cybernetic organism. As a
result of such changes the person will receive «cyber body». It is worth
emphasizing that it will not have anything to do with the awkward robot body,
stuffed with wires, buttons and sockets. Scientific studies in recent years
show that much more efficient and easier to "grow" in vitro human
organs that are super complex structure than to invent and create their
mechanical counterparts. Man will become living, biological and heavy-duty
bodies will also experience the fullness of all the feelings and experiences.
Ideally, such a body is not subject to aging, his physical abilities will also
be commensurate with the human. Post human intelligence and memory will be many
times greater than the human in its parameters. As the cybernetic organism is
to some extent a result of the application of certain technologies, it will
have the technical characteristics [1].
With
the introduction of technological innovations in the first place are
cost-effectiveness, the possible social risks and the ethical implications of
such an implementation is almost no one are calculated. On many social and
ethical implications of people do not even realize. Possible scenario, when a
group of post human, which has the ability to transform their mental and
physical abilities, acquire mastery over those who for such improvements will
not be enough money. Danger occurring transformation processes of life for each
individual is that they are able to destroy the existing structure of his human
existence, many of which are inherently fragile and vulnerable to various kinds
of deformations. However, the erosion of social structures there is the
alienation of man from his own essence.
In
conclusion, we note that modern technologies have reached a level of
development that is already able to actually modify the human. The idea of the
indigenous «improve» the functioning of the human body and mind present in the
culture at all times and found its most complete clearance in transhumanist
concepts. Unfolding of informatization and computerization of processes have
already changed the socio-cultural reality. With the development of
nanotechnology to replace the biological evolution of man, coming technological
evolution of man, in which further changes occur in the human side of his
transformation into a cybernetic organism. New technologies can lead to quite
unexpected results. Possible negative social consequences of the process of
human evolution. A person should keep a balance and not lose the harmony with
the world in the unfolding scientific and technological progress.
References
1. Elkhova O.I. Cyborg
as a result
the process of
human evolution (Киборг как результат
технологической эволюции человека) // Вестник Уфимского государственного
авиационного технического университета. 2013. Т. 18. № 5(66) 118-121.