Shulanbekova G.K.
Senior
lecturer of the chair of «Customs, finance and environmental law»
Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University
Almaty, Kazakhstan
e-mail:
gul15-73@mail.ru
Rakhmetova N.Zh.
2nd year masters of the law faculty Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Almaty,
Kazakhstan
e-mail: naza.93@mail.ru
Priority directions of development of animal husbandry
in the Republic of
Kazakhstan
Abstract. At present, by
the number of cattle in the lead - India, Brazil, the US, China and Argentina,
and milk production - India, USA, China, Germany and Brazil.Kazakhstan took
complex measures for strengthening of an export potential of meat cattle
breeding in 2016, when problems of expansion of export of real sector,
strengthenings of a role of small and medium business in production of goods
and services, and also prospects of regional development were put forward as
key priorities of economic policy of the state.
Keywords: cattle breeding, export of meat, import of meat,
legal regulation of animal husbandry.
The cattle breeding practices around the world and
plays an important role in economy of many countries. In the message N. A.
Nazarbayev from 10 global challenges of the XXI century called threat of global
food security [1].
It is important to remember that the
condition of animal husbandry determines the level of food security of the
state and a social and economic situation in society. In this regard the
integrated approach to the solution of the existing problems and if necessary
revision of the existing programs is necessary. The essential simplification of
an order of receiving financing by the private enterprises working in the
sphere of animal husbandry has to become one of priorities. In this regard in
the country implementation of the large-scale program for development of meat
cattle breeding began [2].
Subsidizing of animal husbandry from the republican
budget is conducted in two directions: development of breeding animal husbandry
(only delivery of breeding individuals about two billion tenges from abroad are
planned) and increase of efficiency and quality of production of animal
husbandry by reduction in cost of cost of compound feeds. And the mechanism of
subsidizing is annually improved. In general, in these two directions of the
state support the farmer will receive about 15 thousand tenges on 1 uterine
head. Thus subsidies for compensation of expenses on acquisition of breeding
manufacturing bulls, on a forage production (on area hectare), the preferential
mode of the taxation, etc. are kept. Thereby all necessary conditions for
successful business are created.
In annual
message of the President N. A. Nazarbayev once again noted importance of
agro-industrial complex. He says: «It is important to provide transfer to
innovative rails of agro-industrial complex. It is our traditional branch. The
global need for the food will increase. More investments will go to this
sector. Therefore current farmers have to care of increase in production, but
not be content with the short achievements connected with weather conditions.
The competition will increase in global agroproduction. At the earth have to
work, first of all, those who introduces new technologies and continuously
increases productivity, works at a basis of the best international standards...
First of all, it is important to create the effective land market, including
via transparent mechanisms of pricing. Transfer to rent of the farmland only
taking into account attraction of investments and introduction of advanced
technologies will increase the competition. It is necessary to eliminate all
barriers interfering development of business in agriculture, to process of
cooperation of farming, effective land use» [3].
Today in Kazakhstan practically all legislative base
of development of branch of animal husbandry in the conditions of market economy
is created. The parliament adopted all main acts governing the relations in
this sphere, among which Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan «About state
regulation of development of agro-industrial complex and rural territories»,
«About breeding animal husbandry», «About veterinary science», «About
protection of selection achievements» and others. But it is necessary to
understand that creation of legislative base is only an initial stage. The
consolidated work of both legislative, and executive branches of the power is
necessary for achievement of all goals.
In Kazakhstan which potential of agar sector allows
building the system resisting to all calls for today the complex of the target
programs focused on medium-term prospect is developed. One of such programs is
the «Development of an Export Potential of KRS Meat» Project realized by JSC
National Operating Holding Kazagro.It should be noted that in the program
measures of the state support of agricultural producers are especially
attractive. The new directions of subsidizing of meat cattle breeding are
developed for their stimulation to participation in the Project, their
standards and volumes are significantly increased, programs for development of
a forage production and distant-pasture animal husbandry are developed. The
product line of the financial services provided by group of companies of Kazagro Holding contains new tools, having
low interest rates and preferential terms as on term, and on demand to
borrowers.
The government of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved
the new industry Program for development of agro-industrial complex for
2013-2020 «Agrobusiness-2020». The program was developed in connection with
strengthening of the competition in the conditions of the Customs Union, and
also accession to WTO. In development active part was taken by the scientific,
branch unions, representatives of agrobusiness [4].
Now how within the Agrobusiness-2020 program these
factors will be overcome. Change of structure of owners of agricultural animals
in favor of agricultural formations is necessary. Only industrial, professional
production can give necessary competitiveness of production due to decrease in
expenses. Here already there is a good experiment on cattle. The program for
development of meat cattle breeding has already positive effect.
In Kazakhstan the fundamental document in the
veterinary sphere is the Law «About Veterinary Science» which defines and forms requirements and
standards. Thanks to it the level of ensuring veterinary safety in the country
is at the moment rather high. However today practically there is no program of
the coordinated activity between the remained enterprises for providing uniform
policy of biosafety of the state. There are no innovations and necessary
financing.
In Kazakhstan the bill on pastures is developed. As
authors promise it, the new document has to adjust, at last, all controversial
issues round rational use of these agricultural grounds. According to deputies,
the critical situation with pasturable resources which developed in the
republic was the cause for making decision on development of the pasturable
law. So, according to Institute of world resources, pasturable lands in our
country occupy about 188 million hectares that makes 70% of the total area of
territories. Thus the area of the degraded pastures reached a point of 48
million hectares (26% of total area) today [5].
The effective state legal mechanism of providing the
agrarian laws and other normative legal acts adopted at the state level, in our
opinion, will promote effective development of livestock branch. For
improvement of position of agricultural branch it is necessary to create
effective system of the state control over the implementation of the state
programs which are directly concerning development of livestock activity. This
monitoring system, in our opinion, has to include in itself not only the state
supervision and check of execution of administrative decisions of the highest
officials and bodies, but also public control in this sphere.
To end wants to tell one, we made many affairs to
strengthening of ours the state, and saw many problems on the way. However our
strong state it was never bent over a problems and it is proud them I overcame.
And now on the way to agro-industrial production our Head the state does
everything that Kazakhstan would be prospering, in the economic market held the
position and competed with other developing countries. Communications with it
the food and animal husbandry will always be one of main criterion in which the
state has to be engaged without ceasing.
References
1.
Message of the
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Leader of the Nation Nursultan
Nazarbayev to the people Kazahstan «Strategy «Kazakhstan-2050» - a new policy
established state» - Almaty: Jurist, 2013 - 44 p.
2.
The program of
cattle meat export potential of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020./ www.primeminister.kz/
3.
Message of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev
to people of Kazakhstan. «Kazakhstan’s way - 2050: The overarching goal, common
interests, common future» - Astana, Akorda, January 17, 2014 /www.akorda.kz.
4.
The program
«Agribusiness 2020», January 15, 2013. / www.primeminister.kz
5.
Asem Temiralieva.
«And again pasture issue» - an agricultural magazine «AgroAlem» November 7,
2012.