Student, Atchabarova Assem,

research supervisor, Ph.D., associate Professor, Vladimir Sapa

Kostanay State University A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

The efficiency of solar panels

Much confusion exists today around the notion of efficiency of a solar system. This is an important criterion of their value. The concept of efficiency of solar cells is the percentage of incident solar light is converted into electricity, with the further possibility of use. Different materials for solar panels, creating different efficiency. Even the same manufacturers have different efficiency of conversion. Increased efficiency is the best way to reduce the cost of solar energy.

The efficiency of the solar battery depends on the purity of the plates, which are used as raw materials in manufacturing. In addition, it is very important whether the panel monocrystalline or polycrystalline form. Most large companies concentrate their efforts on improving efficiency to reduce costs in the ruthless use of solar energy.

Consider the General range of efficiency of solar cells based on different item types and different technologies.

Are of the following types: polycrystalline or monocrystalline silicon. Multi-solar panels have lower efficiency than the battery of monocrystalline elements.

Efficiency of solar panels can range from 12% to 20% for the normal monocrystalline silicon. In normally, the estimated efficiency is 15% and depends on the performance of the silicon. Some of the manufacturers are constantly improving efficiency in order to reduce their costs and stay ahead of rivals in this competitive industry. Others give maximum efficiency crystalline solar cells using large scale of production.

Polycrystalline solar cells have a lower cost than monocrystalline and efficiency in the range of 14-17%.

Thin-film technology, in contrast to the carbon – silicon materials, has a number of advantages.

Amorphous silicon technology С-Si has the lowest average efficiency, but they are the cheapest.

The greatest potential in enhancing the effectiveness of have a copper-indium-gallium-sulfide (CIGS) and cadmium - tellurium (Cd-Te). Many manufacturers propel the development of this technology and represent one of the most high performance of its models, increasing it by 19%. They reached this value using several methods, including the application of reflective coating that can capture more light from the corner.

If you can justify the dependency not from material, but from the dimensions, the higher the efficiency, the less the required area of the working surface of the batteries.

Although the average percentage may seem a little low, you can easily change equipment, namely at installation with enough power to cover energy needs.

Factors affecting the efficiency of the solar arrays include:

The orientation of the surface mounting. The roof should ideally face South, but a quality design can often compensate for other directions.

The angle of inclination. The height and tilt of the surface can affect the number of hours of sunshine received an average day during the year. Large commercial systems have solar tracking system that automatically changes the angle of the sun during the day. Not typically used for residential installations.

Temperature. Most of the panels are heated during operation. Thus, generally should be installed slightly above the roof level, to ensure sufficient flow of cooling air.

Shadow. In principle, the shadow - enemy of solar energy. When you choose a failed design when mounting, even a small amount of shade on one panel can shut down energy on all the other elements. Before you develop a system, carried out a detailed analysis of the shading surface mounts, to identify possible forms of shade and sunlight throughout the year. Then conducted another detailed analysis that validates the findings.

Conventional solar panels with high efficiency solar industrial scale mounted on the pile above the ground at 80cm, located in the direction from East to West, along the motion of the sun, at an angle of 25 degrees.

References:

1. Yurchenko, A.V.; Savrasov F.W.; Yurchenko V. The real cost of energy - from resources to consumer // Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. - 2009. - P. 43-46.

2. Stepanenko, N.I.; Gubin, V.E. Prospects for the use of alternative and renewable-energy sources in the conditions of Siberia // Modern Techniques and Technologies: Proceedings of IX Intern. Conf. students, graduate students and young scientists. - Tomsk, 2003. - T. 1. - P. 47-48.

3. Lukutin, B.V.; Surzhikova O.A.; Shandarova, E.B. Renewable energy in decentralized energy supply. - M .: Energoizdat, 2008. - 231 p.