Student, Almaganov Abay,

research supervisor, Ph.D., associate Professor, Vladimir Sapa

Kostanay State University A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

Factors affecting the efficiency of solar panels

Solar battery is a unique energy Converter of the light rays into electricity with an unlimited external source. The growing demand for these products due to affordability and sustainability of energy supply without coolant flow, as well as the economic payback in 2 years with a minimum service life of panels is 25 years.

Examples are semiconductors or film polymers, plate layers of different polarity converts light into a directional movement of electrons is a physical phenomenon consistently for all solar panels. However, this design limits the efficiency of solar cells, a part of photon energy is inevitably lost at the border of the p-n junction. In practice, the efficiency of the battery is influenced by many factors: material, area, location, intensity of light, what is involved in the purchase and exploitation.

The dependence of the efficiency of solar cells.

This indicator is defined as the ratio of electric power produced to the power of the incident sunlight. The magnitude is affected by the cleanliness of the plates and its structure: film, poly - or monocrystalline. The last species belong to the most expensive and long payback period, the available solar panels with high efficiency for home yet produced only from layers of silicon of different polarity. Are less efficient panels made of cadmium and terrorize CIGS, produced on the basis of film technology. Efficiency cadmium batteries is only 11 %, but they are cheap and quite reliable in operation. Slightly higher rate in film coated with particles of gallium, copper, indium and selenium, the effective CIGS solar cells by 15 %.

For comparison, the efficiency of converters monocrystalline silicon is 25 %, and thin-film or amorphous submodules of the same material for a maximum of 10 devices based on organic polymers have a minimum value of 5 %. Much depends on the square panel, single solar cells are limited to generating electricity.

Value of efficiency of the small solar battery allows you to use them for full power, but enough of them to run certain types of electronics. In any case, increasing efficiency and minimizing cost is a priority of modern energy.

Factors affecting the efficiency of solar panels

The efficiency depends not only on the applied material and technology, but also of the entire complex of external conditions:

1. The intensity of the light flux. In turn, this index is associated with geographical coordinates located the battery, particularly with latitude.

2. The angle of inclination of the structure. Ideally, you should install solar panels, change it from gradient of incidence. This system is more expensive but it allows you to accumulate an impressive amount of electricity (up to 40-60 %) and less dependent on season and time of day.

3. The temperature of the environment. Heat is bad for the photoelectric effect, vented batteries have very high efficiency. Paradoxically, in cold clear weather, they produce more energy than the heat (although the total cumulative effect is reduced due to the short daylight hours).

4. The time of year. In practice, the efficiency of solar panels decreases in the winter in 2-8 times, but it's not related to snow: on a dark surface it melts quickly, besides photovoltaics perceive perfectly diffused light.

5. Dust. The purer the outer part of the solar panels, the greater the number of photons will be converted, so to increase the efficiency of work surfaces it is recommended to wipe at least every two years.

6. Shadow. It is no secret that the efficiency for solar panels in cloudy weather greatly reduced in foggy and rainy areas it makes no sense to bet the same applies to the shaded areas. Panel desirable to mount the shade of tall trees or neighboring houses, in choosing the location of the priority given to the South side.

References:

1. Yurchenko, A.V.; Savrasov F.W.; Yurchenko V. The real cost of energy - from resources to consumer // Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. - 2009. - P. 43-46.

2. Stepanenko, N.I.; Gubin, V.E. Prospects for the use of alternative and renewable-energy sources in the conditions of Siberia // Modern Techniques and Technologies: Proceedings of IX Intern. Conf. students, graduate students and young scientists. - Tomsk, 2003. - T. 1. - P. 47-48.

3. Lukutin, B.V.; Surzhikova O.A.; Shandarova, E.B. Renewable energy in decentralized energy supply. - M .: Energoizdat, 2008. - 231 p.