Islamgulov D.R., Enikiev R.I.

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Bashkir State Agrarian University», Ufa, Russia

SOWING AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

Summary. This article discusses the importance of determining the optimal timing of the sowing of sugar beets, which have a direct impact on productivity and technological quality of roots. We studied the optimal sowing time for the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Keywords: sugar beet, sowing time, productivity, roots.

One of the main conditions for obtaining amicable yield of sugar beet roots and the maximum harvest of roots is time of sowing. This factor becomes especially important at low seeding rate on the final or predetermined density planting of plants, as well as when coated seeds are used. It was found that the sugar beet seeds during germination absorb 150-160 % of its own weight of moisture and coated - 200 % and more. In addition, the sowing of sugar beet has a significant positive impact on the protection of crops from diseases, pests and weeds. Timeliness and quality of the operation determine the amount of the cost of growing crops, the phytosanitary condition of crops, yield and quality of roots.

Time of sowing of sugar beet is defined as soil and climatic conditions and as economic expediency and often does not correspond to the biological optimum for seed germination. Both early and late sowing negatively affects on the growth and development of the culture.

Early sowing have higher levels of infestation and disease affected plants, increases the risk of immature seeds in the soil with low temperature indicators and the possibility of seedlings damage of spring frosts. Seedlings die from lack of oxygen when seeds are sown in too wet soil. In case of late sowing vegetation period of culture is reduced, there is a lack of moisture in the soil and high temperature during the processing of crops with herbicides is observed.

Timely and quality planting allows to use genetic potential of sugar beet hybrids fully and to obtain the maximum amount of sugar. Moreover, due to the variety of hybrids types farms can efficiently organize the harvesting campaign and loading of sugar factories.

Sugar beet refers to cultures of early sowing, coinciding with the early sown cereals and other crops. Beet plants are very demanding on the soil moisture needed for seed germination, and thus tolerate slight and brief frosts (up to -5 ° C). The best conditions for the germination of beets seeds are created when the soil is warmed up to 7-8 ° C at a depth of 5-6 cm, and the humidity has not dropped deeper than 2.5-3 cm. Since the roots accumulate mass and sugar contained in them until late autumn (before the onset of autumn frosts resistant), early sowing increases the growing season and yields.

In terms of Bashkortostan short growing season is one of the significant factors limiting the formation of high yields of sugar beet. In this regard, it should be sown in the early stages optimally. Due to this, the growing season is lengthened, so high yields with good quality products are obtained.

Selection of optimal sowing dates is essential to supply plants with all the natural factors of yield formation. Usually favorable conditions for planting sugar beets are added at the end of the early sowing of spring crops (spring wheat, barley).

The study experiments results of sugar beet sowing time obtained by Professor Yukhin I.P. in raw zone of Raevskiy sugar factory indicate a high level of dependence of yield and sugar beet from sowing dates. If the optimum time of sowing early root crop yield was 31.6 t/ha, the delay for 3 days resulted in a decrease of the yield at 0.9 t/ha, for 6 days at 3.2 t/ha. Sowing beets through 9, and 12 days after the optimal period reduced the yield of sugar beet, respectively, 4.8 and 5.6 t/ha. In average delay in sowing for one day leads to a decrease in root yield at 0.46 t/ha.

Thus, in the condition of republic of Bashkortostan the optimal early sowing of sugar beet gives the best result, produces a higher crop yield with good beet roots.

Bibliographic list
1. Technology of sugar beet growing areas in raw sugar factories of Bashkortostan [Text] / I.P. Yukhin [et al.] - Ufa: BSAU, 2005.-T.38.-Page of 61. 
2. On the question of the timing of sowing [Text] / S.E. Nalivaiko // Sugar beet.- 2002 - №2 – Page of 11 
3. How to prepare for sowing [Text] / L.S. Zenin // Sugar beet/ - 2008 - №2 – Page of 21

Authors’ personal details

Damir Islamgulov, Сandidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Crop, Forage and Horticulture Chair of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “ Bashkir State Agrarian University”. 34, 50-letiya Octyabrya str., Ufa, 450001. E-mail: damir_islamgulov@mail.ru.

Rafik Enikiev, Master of the Crop, Forage and Horticulture Chair of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “ Bashkir State Agrarian University”. 34, 50-letiya Octyabrya str., Ufa, 450001. E-mail: enikiev.rafik@mail.ru.