Ph.D., Associate Professor Kotlyarova V.V., Urunov S.R.,

Ph.D Associate Professor Dmitrienko N.A.,

Institute of the service and entrepreneurship (branch) Don State Technical University, Shakhty, Rostov region.

Philosophical Foundations of the design and development paradigm approach T. Kuhn

The article concerning paradigmatic approach is considered to be an inter disciplinary and methodological subject of research based on pluralism of post-non classical science. Having analyzed the process of basic formation and development of paradigmatic approach in the papers of Thomas Kuhn, devoted to the problems of historical development of post positivism. The study provides an overview of two concepts: A. Koyré and L. Fleck demonstrated the greatest influence on the development of paradigm approach.

At the beginning of the XXI century the most distinctive trend in the development of science was post non -classical desire to reconstruct a coherent system of scientific knowledge about man, society and nature, based on interdisciplinary research and the integration of natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. Integration processes on the one hand contribute new ideas to the emergence of inter disciplinary nature sciences, on the other became a constant reinterpretation of borrowing and methodological approaches, not just in the form of a reduction of leading methodological orientations, and by combining the axiological and cognitive parameters. These methodological approaches undoubtedly belong to paradigmatic approach, defining our research interest and allow us to formulate the problem of this paper: as analyzes of different the preconditions of its formation.

The dynamic processes of presenting scientific knowledge are the most important characteristics of science.

In philosophy post positivism released two divergent directions: the first considers the dynamics of science using the normative principles of the logical nature of governing this development (I. Lakatos, Popper, and others.), The second direction is based on the emphasis of social and psychological determinants of the development of scientific knowledge (T. Kuhn , S. Toulmin et al.). T. Kuhn, proved the absence of a real development of science and rationality of continuity, the dependence of the dynamics of science from non-scientific factors and ideas, brings the philosophy of science to sociology, psychology and history, and thus an entirely new stage of philosophical reflection of scientific knowledge has begun.

We are talking about the publication in 1962 of the famous work of Thomas Kuhn "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", caused a surge of interest in the concepts of "scientific revolution", "paradigm" and to develop T. Kuhn paradigm approach [1].

Popularity of paradigmatic methodology regularly updated by the question - what can be a basic prerequisite of development paradigm approach? For the answer we turn to the preface to the "structure ...". where T. Kuhn refers to the work of A. Koyre, Piaget, E. Metzger, L. Fleck et al. The leading theoretical sources of their ideas were related to the nature of scientific knowledge and the role of non-scientific factors in the formation of an epistemological model of science. In the study, they consider to provide a brief overview of the only two concepts: A. Koyré and L. Fleck, demonstrated the greatest influence on the development paradigm approach by Thomas Kuhn.

French philosopher and historic scientist Alexander Koyre creates a common philosophical and history graphical concept of the scientific revolution of the XVII century. The thinker in his earliest works, tried to show the essence and importance of science recorded in the XVII century. The changes having become one of the first creators of the canonical image of the scientific revolution, to define its boundaries and content. The main philosophical achievement by A.V. Koyre becomes a study of ideological assumptions and the development of the scientific revolution XVI-XVII centuries. up to the scientific discoveries of Newton [2, p.8].

Another inspirer of T. Kuhn was L. Fleck, a philosopher. Epistemological works by L. Fleckwere published in the 30-40 years in the Polish media, and his monograph was published in Switzerland, were considered unimportant in the philosophical literature, but it was his ideas that helped to form T. Kuhn a developed the concept of "paradigm." The main task of his philosophical quest was to determine the epistemological sense of socio-cultural context of the existence of scientific knowledge from scientific point of view. For this purpose L. Fleck introduces into the scientific revolution the concept "style of thinking" and "collective thinking, arguing that scientific discovery would never become the result of the individual activity of one man. Scientific discovery is the result of the collective activity of thinking, "which can be realized as intelligent interaction on the basis of general intellectual events and activities to create the possibility of opening and then continue developing in this direction" [3, p.65].The philosopher emphasizes the inevitability of the revision of the original thoughts and ideas through numerous interpretations and returning to the author, may be it is not recognized as the property of the inconsistency of these ideas original plans.

The basis of formation and development of paradigmatic approach in the papers of Thomas Kuhn is the basis for further work of history of science and doctrine of post positivism theory investigating scientific knowledge in its dynamics, identify forms of knowledge, and thus differs them from neo, focuses on the analysis of the structure of science. Kuhn continues developing the ideas previously expressed by A. V Koyre and L. Vleck.

The List of used Literature

1. Kuhn T. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. With an introductory article and additions 1969 - M .: Progress, 1977.- 300c.

2. Koyre A. Essays on the history of philosophical thought / ed. AP Yushkevich. M., 1985;

3. Fleck L. The emergence and development of scientific fact: An Introduction to the Theory of thinking style and the thinking of the collective. Was., Foreword., Translated from the English., It., Polish lang., General ed. Porus VN - M .: Idea Press, House of intellectual books, 1999. - P.65.