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Candidate of Economic Sciences Nikiforovà L.A.

Stud. Krylovà O.V.
Vinnitsa National Technical University, Ukraine
POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR HUMAN CAPITAL IN UKRAINE

Human Resource Management is a multifaceted and extremely complex process, characterized by its specific features and patterns. Feature of the management of human resources is inherent systematic and complete in an integrated problem solving reproduction [1].

Today the use of labor resources is influenced by many factors and processes. This requires a new approach to the problems of utilization of labor resources, analysis of their operation under the influence of industrial and socio-economic factors in terms of economic reform [2]. The problem of labor resources in Ukraine, despite some positive socio-economic transformation in recent years, is still relevant.
One very important and serious problems of human resources of Ukraine is a demographic crisis. At present demographic situation in Ukraine is one of the toughest in Europe.

The population in Ukraine on July 1, 2011 amounted to 45,675.0 thousand. During January-June 2011 population decreased by 103.6 thousand persons per 1,000 of population was 4.6 persons [4].

Migration is an additional demographic factor that limits the development of human resources. The negative trend is that almost 30% of migrants - are highly qualified professionals who are most in demand in developed countries. Typically, these specialists are invited to work for a long period, or offer permanent residence [5].

Also a very difficult situation of unemployment in Ukraine. Number of registered unemployed on August 1, 2011 amounted to 469.5 thousand people or a quarter of all unemployed people of working age [4]. In this regard, the Ukrainian Government is more important tasks: on the one hand, to accelerate economic reforms and on the other - to provide productive employment maximum number of economically active population that would meet market needs.

Another problem the use of labor resources in Ukraine is a lack of demand for labor in its offer vocational qualifications,  territorial breakdown, which leads to significant interregional differentiation of registered unemployment [5].

Development of human resources of the state and overcome the existing problems depends on many factors, but one of the leading components is the standard of living. And the higher the standard of living, the more chances in society to ensure a decent level of professionalism, education, health, ensuring the successful development of the country as a whole and reproduction of the working population. One of the main parameters that determine the quality of life is an indicator of income resulting from wages.

 Currently Ukraine is unreasonably understated labor costs, which actually does not comply in full their basic functions. ¬ civil sector research linkages between employment and wage fee at the stage of market reforms, indicates that the low price of human capital there is a significant factor against economic growth, as supported by the ineffective employment leads to accumulation of hidden unemployment, lower productivity, the spread of secondary employment and employed  toast in the informal, shadow economic, degradation of labor. Low wages, socially and economically unreasonable to intra-industry, cross-sectoral, Transregional differentiation due to isolation system  we pay the main macroeconomic indicators, disparities in economic dynamics these indicators and indicators of employment [6].

Issues related to remuneration, are extremely important, since affect the economic interests of millions of people - all participants in social and labor relations, because they cannot be left to market regulation only, and require constant monitoring and regulation by the state [7].

 Effective use of labor capacity due to the development of market reforms. Therefore, areas of efficiency of labor potential is the formation of a market mechanism to solve the problems of hidden unemployment, development of employment programs, the formation mechanism of motivation, development of regional labor markets, reorientation of training.

Thus, to improve management efficiency and use of labor resources and solving these problems, you need to apply and improve these motivational levers as management-labor, reorientation of professional training, improvement of state regulation.
                                                

                                             Literature:

1. Reproduction of human potential: theoretical conceptualization and modern pragmatism / VI Pyts / / Act. problems. ekonomic.-2008 .- ¹ 6.-S.187-193.
2. Shiyan A.A., Nikiforova L.O. Who do Inefficent Innovative Institutions have place in Russia and Ukraine. / / Industrial Organization: Productivity, Innovation & Technology journal.-2011.-V.3. ¹ 58.-17p.

3. State Statistics Committee of Ukraine [electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://ukrstat.gov.ua
4. Popov S.V. Human Resources: Status and Prospects / SV Popov / / forum law. -2008 .- ¹ 3 .- s.419-426

6. Krylova O., Need for investment in human capital in the enterprise / / [electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://vntu.edu.ua/ua/

7. Asemoglu D. Introduction to modern economic Growth. - Princeton: Princeton University Press: 2009 - 1072p.