Экономические науки/2.Внешнеэкономическая деятельность.
Ivanova K.U., Moiseieva F.A.
Donetsk National University of
economics and trade named after Mychaylo Tugan-Baranovskiy
Analysis of the
competitiveness of the Ukraine economy
The problem of attracting competitiveness is vital for
any country in the world. Particular attention is given to the problems in
countries that are in the way of transformational change. For Ukraine as a
country that is experiencing a period of economic system and the crisis, the issue
of competitiveness is extremely urgent and important because they affect the
economic and social development.
Among the works that cover the theoretical aspects of
competitiveness should be noted V. Byrskoho, M. Halvanovsky, M. Porter. As for
Ukraine's competitiveness should be noted labor L. Antonyuk, B. Bodrov, A.
Filippenko, S. Haminicha and others.
The purpose of this article is to examine the
competitiveness at the European level and the rating of Ukraine's position in
the ranking.
Some economists focus on the competitive position of
the participation of the national economy to international trade indicators
such as the proportion of countries in the world markets, import quotas, etc.,
arguing that the conquest of the country much of a certain product market
increases its competitive advantage. But neither positive or negative balance
or the amount of the export market or the exchange rate of the national
currency can not give complete information about the dynamics of
competitiveness. Therefore, we must consider estimation of competitiveness
according to the world's leading analytical publications.
In September 2011, the World Economic Forum has
published "Global Competitiveness Review 2010 - 2011." In the
ranking, which covers 133 countries, Ukraine ranked 82 nd place, dropping by as
much as 10 points. The main causes of decline in the index of competitiveness
of Ukraine is the decline in demand for exports, devaluation of hryvnia and
instability of the financial system.
One of the most influential international ranking is
evaluating investment attractiveness of the developed United Nations Conference
on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and consisting of ratings of two indices: the
index FDI potential index and foreign direct investment.
Based on the results of UNCTAD ranking published
annually report on international investment. According to the UNCTAD report,
2010, Ukraine is one of three leaders of Pidenno-Western Europe and the CIS,
which focuses the bulk of foreign investment in the region (over 80%). The
influx of foreign investments to Ukraine experts explain the sale of several
state companies, including Ukrtelecom. You can consider using Table 1
TABLE 1. Global Competitiveness Index Ukraine
|
Description |
Position (133 countries) |
Total points (1-7) |
|
1. The quality of institutions |
120 |
3.1 |
|
2. Infrastructure |
78 |
3.4 |
|
3. Macroeconomic stability |
106 |
4.0 |
|
4. Health and primary education |
68 |
5.4 |
|
5. Labor market efficiency |
49 |
4.6 |
|
6. Development of financial markets |
106 |
3.6 |
|
7. Technological Level |
80 |
3.4 |
|
8. The size of the domestic market |
29 |
4.7 |
|
9. Innovative potential |
62 |
3.2 |
You can even analyze other rankings, including
globalization index, assessment of the investment climate by ratings
Institutional Investor, Euromoney and others., But they record the decrease in
Ukraine's position.
In our opinion, given the current state of
competitiveness of the national economy of Ukraine, the main directions of the
country's competitiveness in world markets are:
- Restructuring and efficiency priority to the domestic
industry;
- State support for science and technology
development;
- Encouraging and supporting high-tech exports, and
others.
Thus, national competitiveness is determined by
economic, social and political factors, as well as the infrastructure of the country,
its scientific potential, which provide a stable situation in the country
markets. The main competitive advantages of Ukraine is the human resources and
the creation of new technology and knowledge-intensive products. Also, a
significant advantage of the country is resource potential of Ukraine,
including mineral resources, which act competitively on world markets.
References:
1. Nikolaichuk OH / Investment attractiveness of
Ukraine through the prism of international rankings / / International Collection
of scientific papers. - 2011. - № 3. - P.17-19
2. Skorokhod JS / Directions increasing Ukraine's
competitiveness on world markets / / The country's economy. - 2011. - № 17. -
P.34-36