Medicine / 12. Infections
desease
Selutina A.P., Sinyova K.S., Koryakova O.E., Oselkova
Y.O., Barysheva V.O., Gerasimova M.I., Burmatov D.E., Peshikov O.V.
Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy
Awareness of Higher Institutions Students of
Chelyabinsk City in Issues of Defining HIV Status of Intimate Partner
Significance. HIV infection is the most acute problem of modern
health service in the whole world. Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS), a condition in humans in which
progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive.
From the beginning of the epidemics more than 60
million people in the world have got HIV and about 30 million of them died from
diseases determined by HIV. According to UNAIDS data in 2010 the number of
people living with HIV around the world was 34 million people, number of new
cases was 2,7 million and number of those who died – 1,8 million people [1, p.
49; 3, p. 5]. HIV infection epidemic at the territory of Russia has high spread
rate. According to data of Federal Agency for Oversight in the Sphere of
Consumers Rights and Human Welfare it is registered more than 350 thousand
cases of HIV infection in Russia, in addition more than 80% among them are
those at the age between 15 and 30 years [1, p. 82].
The total number of
HIV-positive Russian people registered in the Russian Federation till June 30,
2012 was 682726 people (according to data reported on September 15, 2012).
Research objective is to
define the awareness of students of some higher institutions of Chelyabinsk
city in issues of verifying of their intimate partner having HIV infection
diagnosis and using of them barrier contraception.
Materials and Methods. We
have conducted questionnaire survey of 1006 students of different courses of
humanitarian (Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy,
Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University) and technical (South Ural State University)
higher institutions of Chelyabinsk city. Students were offered to answer a set
of questions dedicated to the issues of HIV infection prevention. The achieved
material was processed with the program statistica 6.0.
Research Results. 71% of
the questioned students believe that it is not possible to judge by externals
if the person is HIV positive or not. From the left 287 people who think that
it is possible to determine the HIV status of the patient by externals, 29
people never use barrier contraception with their intimate partner and 81
people sometimes use it (depending on the partner). 141 people corresponding
who think that it is possible to judge HIV status by externals still use
barrier contraception. So 14% of the pollees despite their thinking that it is
possible to judge HIV status of their partner by externals, use barrier
contraception. In its turn from 719 people who think that it is not possible to
determine the HIV status of the patient by externals, only 325 people use
barrier contraception. One can draw a conclusion that the choice of barrier
contraception does not depend on the fact if the person think that it is
possible to determine HIV status by externals or not (tab. 1).
Table 1
Correlation between using of barrier
contraception and determination of the presence of HIV infection by externals
|
Is it possible to judge HIV status by
externals? |
|||||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||||
|
287 (29%) |
719 (71%) |
||||||
|
Using of barrier contraception |
|||||||
|
Never |
Sometimes |
Always |
Virgin |
Never |
Sometimes |
Always |
Virgin |
|
10,1% |
28,2% |
49,1% |
12,5% |
11,1% |
25,5% |
45,2% |
18,2% |
Let us take a look on
the problem from another side. From 287 questioned students (28,53%), who
believe that it is possible to judge HIV status of a person by externals, 36
people (12,5%) do not have sex, 102 people (35,5%) do not know HIV status of
their intimate partner, 149 (51,9%) know HIV status of their intimate partner,
but only 43 (15%) asked their intimate partners to get medical certificate on
HIV infection absence. Correspondingly the left 106 people (10,5% of all
pollees), who think that it is possible to judge HIV status by externals and who did not ask their intimate partners
to get medical certificate but who know his/her HIV status – have determined
their intimate partner HIV status by externals (tab. 2).
Table 2
Correlation of the number of
students (in percent) informed about the HIV status of their sexual partner
objectively and subjectively
|
Is it
possible to judge HIV status by externals? |
|||
|
Suppose, that
yes – 287 people |
|||
|
Do you
know HIV status of your intimate partner? |
Virgin |
||
|
Yes |
No |
||
|
51,9% |
35,5% |
12,5% |
|
|
Did you
see a medical certificate on HIV infection absence from your intimate
partner? |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
No |
||
|
28,9% |
71,1% |
||
Form them only 71 people
use always barrier contraception, consequently the left 35 people (12,2%) do
not use barrier contraception thinking that they know HIV status of their
partner and determined it by externals. From 287 students determining HIV
status of their intimate partners by externals 10 people (3,5%) have sexual
relations with little-known partners i.e. are in the risk group of getting HIV
infection. 1% of all the asked is in the high risk group of getting HIV
infection in the result of their ignorance in issues of determining intimate
partner HIV status by externals (tab. 3).
Table 3
Correlation between the definition
of the HIV infection in externals and availability of sexual relations with little-known partners
|
Is it
possible to judge HIV status of the patient by externals? |
|||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||
|
287 (29%) |
719 (71%) |
||||
|
Virgin |
Did you
have sexual relations with little-known partners? |
Virgin |
|||
|
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
||
|
12,5% |
20,6% |
66,9% |
16,0% |
65,8% |
18,2% |
From 719 people (71,5%)
who believe that it is impossible to judge HIV status of the patient by
externals, only 325 people (45,2%) use barrier contraception. From the left 263
students who do not use barrier contraception with their intimate partner or
use it sometimes, 67 people do not know HIV status of their partner (10 people
of them have sexual relations with little-known people). It goes to show that
6,7% of all pollees (who think that it is impossible to determine HIV status by
externals , do not know their partners HIV status and do not use barrier
contraception or use it sometimes) are in the risk group of getting HIV
infection and 1% of all the pollees (who think that it is impossible to
determine HIV status by externals , do not know their partners HIV status and
do not use barrier contraception or use it sometimes and have sex with
little-known people) are in the high risk group of getting HIV infection in the
result of their reckless disregard to this problem.
Let us consider this
question basing on the analysis of certain higher institutions of Chelyabinsk
city. 82% of the questioned Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy students, 73% of
SUSU students, 42% of the Chelyabinsk State University students and 0% of the
CSPU students think that it is not possible to judge HIV status by externals.
Thus the awareness in this issue of higher institution of medical
specialization (Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy) is higher than the awareness
of other higher institutions of Chelyabinsk city. From higher institutions of
non-medical specialization South Ural State University has shown higher
awareness in this issue than other higher institutions.
Taking certain higher
institution (Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy) the percentage of people who
believe that it is possible to determine person’s HIV status by externals, who
know HIV status of their partner but did not ask him/her medical certificate
and who do not use barrier contraception or use it sometimes is 2,8% (risk
group of getting HIV infection in the result of lack of awareness, and 2,3% of
those people are 5 and 6 years students). The percentage of the asked who think
that it is impossible to judge HIV status by externals, do not know their
partner HIV status and do not use barrier contraception is 4,8% (risk group of
getting HIV infection in the result of their reckless disregard to this
problem).
In South Ural State University
the percentage of the asked who think that it is possible to judge HIV status by
externals, know their partner HIV status but did not ask for medical
certificate (i.e. determined HIV status by externals) and do not use barrier
contraception is 5,4% (risk group of getting HIV infection in the result of
their lack of awareness). The percentage of the asked who think that it is not
possible to judge HIV status by externals, do not know their partner HIV status
and do not use barrier contraception is 11% (risk group of getting HIV
infection in the result of their reckless disregard to this problem).
In Chelyabinsk State University
the percentage of the asked who think that it is possible to judge HIV status
by externals, know their partner HIV status but did not ask for medical
certificate (i.e. determined HIV status by externals) and do not use barrier
contraception or use it sometimes is 2,5% (risk group of getting HIV infection
in the result of their lack of awareness). The percentage of the asked who
think that it is not possible to judge HIV status by externals, do not know
their partner HIV status and do not use barrier contraception is 7,5% (risk
group of getting HIV infection in the result of their reckless disregard to
this problem).
In Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical
University 100% of the asked believe that it is possible to judge person’s HIV
status by externals, from those 22% know HIV status of their intimate partner
but did not ask for medical certificate (i.e. determined HIV status by
externals), but all those 22% independently on partner always use barrier
contraception, consequently they do not find themselves in risk group of
getting HIV infection (basing on data of determining HIV status by externals).
Conclusion. In issues of
determining of person’s HIV status by externals the index of true awareness is
higher among students of medical higher institution (Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy).
From the higher institutions of non-medical specialization this index is higher
among the students of technical university (South Ural State University).
Students believing that
it is possible to judge HIV status by externals do not think is necessary to
ask medical certificate on HIV status from their partner.
The number of students
being at risk group of getting HIV infection in the result of their lack of
awareness in issues of determining HIV status by externals is the highest in South
Ural State University (5,4%). The number of students being at risk group of
getting HIV infection in the result of their lack of awareness in issues of
determining HIV status by externals is the least in Chelyabinsk State University
(2,5%). The choice of barrier contraception does not depend on the fact if the
person believes it is possible to judge person’s HIV status by external or not.
Литература
1. Ковеленов А.Ю., Загдын З.М., Баласанянц Г.С., Ганбаатар О.,
Галкин В.Б. Особенности распространения ВИЧ-инфекции в Ленинградской области /
ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессия. – 2012. – т.4. - №3. – с.81-86
2. Пантелеев А.М. Применение преднизолона при лечении туберкулеза
у больных с ВИЧ-инфекцией / ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессия. – 2012. – т. 4. -
№3. - с. 47-51
3. Global HIV/AIDS
Response. Epidemic update and health sector progress towards Universal Access
// Progress Report 2011. WHO.– 2011.– P. 1–19.