Сельское хозяйство/3. Земледелие, грунтоведение и агрохимия

Master of agrochemistry and agrology, Shilova N. I.

RSE "Kostanaysky State University of A.Baytursynov", Kazakhstan

Graduate student, K.M. Shilova

FSBEI HPE "Omsk state agrarian university of a P. A. Stolypin", Russia

AGROCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY SPIRIT BARDS ON CHERNOZEM SOLONETZIC COMPLEXES OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

One of the directions of modern development of agrochemical science is search and effective use of nonconventional local sources of fertilizers. Perspective withdrawal of alcohol production – wheat the bard in this regard can serve.

In this regard in 2011 experiment on detection of efficiency of various doses alcoholic bards in the territory of Saryagash LLC of the Denisovsky Area of Kostanay region was put. The skilled site is occupied with old-age crops agropypon (10 years). The soil cover is presented by chernozems southern solonetzic low-power middle loam, lying in a complex to 30% with solonetzic soils small steppe low-sodium.

Experience scheme: 1. Without introduction bards (control); 2. Bard of 40 t/hectare; 3. 60 t/hectare; 4. 80 t/hectare; 5. 100 t/hectare. Alcohol bard it was brought in the winter with the subsequent spring seal in the soil BMSh-15 harrow. The technology of superficial introduction of liquid bespodstilochny manure recommended in a zone was for this purpose used. Chemical composition bards the following: humidity – 91,3%, dry substance - 8,7%, ashes - 0,43%, nitrogen - 0,53%, phosphorus – 0,06%, рН – 3,8.

Experiments were made in triple frequency, the size of allotments made 1 hectare (100 x 100 m) with inclusion of both types of soils. The term of selection of soil and vegetable samples - before a hay crop agropypon at the end of June.

Alcohol bard possesses strong acidic reaction and renders a noticeable affectedness on decrease in soil alkalinity in a layer of 0-10 cm. Accurate regularity in decrease in size рН from doses bards on both is thus shown types of soils. On the chernozem its size from a dose of 40 t/hectare changes on 0,2, and from 100 t/hectare – on 0,4 units with transition of reaction of the environment from an alkalescent state in subacidic. On solonetz these changes made respectively from 0,2 to 0,6 units and soil solution gets neutral reaction. It should be noted that optimum reaction of the environment for agropypon develops at introduction bards on the chernozem of 80 t/hectare, on solonetz of 100 t/hectare.

Introduction strong acidic bards had no destroying impact on mineral part of the soil. The soil absorbing complex of the chernozem for 95,3 % is saturated with calcium and magnesium, and 4,7 % fall to the share of exchange sodium. After introduction bards in the maximum dose of 100 t/hectare the size of capacity of absorption and structure of exchange cations remain without change.

In small solonetz the share of the absorbed sodium makes 14,6% that at the increased alkalinity of soil solution sharply worsens water physical properties of the soil and reduces efficiency agropypon. Introduction bards on spots of such solonetz already for the short period of time is accompanied by reclaiming effect. Alkalinity of the soil decreases, the contents exchange a sodium decreases with 14,6 to 10,4 %, the amount of the absorbed calcium with 50,5 to 55,4 % increases. Capacity of a cationic exchange thus doesn't change.

Along with reclaiming action, the bard possesses one more very important property – it is a source to the soil of nutritious. So, with doses studied in experience bards the following amount of nitrogen is brought in the soil: 40 t/hectare – 212 kg, 60 t – 318 kg, 80 t – 424 kg, 100 t – 530 kg/hectare. At its introduction in the soil microbiological activity amplifies. Decomposition of organic substance bards is accompanied by actively proceeding nitrifikatsionny processes as a result of which in the soil nitrate nitrogen collects. So, in the chernozem on control option in a layer of earth the 0-20 cm during the spring period its contents was very low – 1,1mg/kg. Introduction bards in doses of 40 and 60 t/hectare increases amount of nitrogen to 6,1-8,8 mg/kg, however and in this case security remains at former level. The dose of 80 t/hectare forms low degree of security (11,9 mg/kg), and only at a dose of 100 t/hectare it becomes average (15,1 mg/kg), reaching an optimum level. Similar regularity is observed and in an arable layer of small solonetz. In a layer of 20-40 cm on all options of experience the amount of nitrates was very low.

The bard I had positive impact and on a phosphoric mode. In an arable layer (0-20th) chernozem and solonetz on options without use bards its contents was very low, respectively 9,8 and 7,7 mg/kg (across Machigi - well). With studied doses bards to the soil the following quantity of this element arrives: 40 t – 24 kg, 60 t – 36 kg, 80 t – 48 kg, 100 t – 60 kg. Introduction bards in experience considerably improved phosphoric food житняка. So, on solonetz small the content of available phosphorus increased twice, with 7,7 mg on control to 14,3 mg/kg against a dose of 100 t/hectare. On the chernozem solonetzic the bard I was more effective. Already at a dose of 80 t/hectare security житняка phosphoric food reaches average size – 15,5 mg/kg and continues to raise at a dose of 100 t/hectare – 16,7 mg/kg.

Improvement of agrochemical properties of a chernozem and solonetzic complex affected effective fertility and was shown in growth of productivity of hay agropypon. The chernozem southern reacts to introduction bards, already since the minimum dose of 40 t/hectare. On this option the reliable rise of hay concerning control – 2,4 c/hectare is got. Dose increase bards to 60 t/hectare increases an increase to 3,9 c/hectare. Sharp jump in productivity is observed at dose increase to 80 t/hectare. The got rise of 7,3 c/hectare is 2-3 times higher, than on the previous doses. The further increase in a dose bards to 100 t/hectare, though raises a hay crop, but doesn't provide a reliable increase with option of 80 t/hectare. Introduction bards on solonetzic spots appeared also effectively, as well as on the chernozem. So, the dose bards of 40 t/hectare at all doesn't possess meliorative effect. At its introduction productivity increased by only 1,2 c/hectare. Dose increase to 60 t/hectare is also ineffective, the increase made 3,6 c/hectare. Noticeable growth of productivity as well as on the chernozem, it is noted at a dose of 80 t/hectare.