Economic sciences /10.Enterprise economy

Senior teacher of Dmitriyev V. R.

Kostanaysky State University of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan

Development of small business abroad

As shows experiment of the developed countries, small business is the most flexible sector in production, technological and administrative plans. Small business is "ridge" of economy of the USA. Assistance to development of small business in the USA is included in competence of the special state organization - Administrations for small business (AMB). At delivery of the guaranteed loans of AMB provides to creditors (to private banks, the trading companies, insurance companies, pension funds) the state guarantees on part of the lent capital (to 90%) that reduces risk of crediting. Small firms of the USA make 40% of a gross national product and a half of a gross product of the private sector. A half of all workers occupied in the private sector is concentrated on these enterprises.

In Great Britain much attention is paid to the problems connected with credit conditions of small enterprises. According to the accepted program the government guarantees to 70% of a non-return of the credit, and in adverse areas - to 85%. The interest rate at such guarantee makes 2,5%. annual, and in adverse areas - 2%. About 50 million are annually allocated for a covering of guarantees from the state budget ф. Art. The enterprises of small business in Great Britain make 50-53% of gross domestic product numbering this firms within 2600000 units.

In Germany the huge attention is paid to support and development of small business. The state support of small business in this country includes more than 500 programs of the federal and regional value promoting investment activity. In Germany 2 million small and medium-sized companies make to 50% of gross domestic product and provide 66% of employment.

In Italy the small companies, which number exceeds average values on EU, form a basis of updating of national economy. They already proved the ability to provide high level of competitiveness of export production. The small Italian enterprises make about 57-60% of gross domestic product, thus the number of firms of small business on 1000 inhabitants of the country makes 68 units.

In France small and medium-sized companies most often meet in agrarian and food sector, contract works, in publishing, an avia - and shipbuilding. Number of small firms in this country equally in about 2 million units which in turn make 55-60% of the general gross domestic product.

Small business finds the help in Japan not only from the government and several specialized organizations created by it, but also from administration of prefectures, local managements of foreign trade and the industry, Chambers of Commerce and Industry, etc. Allocation of the subsidies covering to 50% of expenses, for creation of the centers of increase of a technological level of small firms, consultation, professional development of technical workers, etc. was widely adopted.

In the developed countries the share of annual volumes of output by subjects of small and medium business reaches from 43% (Canada) to 57% (Germany) of gross domestic product. On a share of the busy population in SMP sector in the general employment indicators of our country also are much lower in comparison with the developed states. If in the developed countries it reaches from 47% (Canada) to 75% (Japan), in Kazakhstan it made only 38% in 2013. SMP share (average and small business), taken in the industrial sphere of economy, is an important indicator of high-quality development of small business.

Nearly a half of functioning small enterprises in Kazakhstan 18% - in the construction sphere, and only 11% - in the industry sphere that is four times less than a similar indicator in the countries of OECD are occupied in the trade sphere.

As a whole, in a section of the countries the greatest specific weight is occupied by trade and other kinds of activity which include production of services. The greatest specific weight trade occupies more than 40% in Kazakhstan and the Czech Republic. This fact once again confirms that such tendency of development of small business doesn't promote economy diversification.

The Small Enterprises (SE) in comparison with large in the certain countries occupy a dominant position, both on number, and on specific weight in production of goods, performance of work, rendering services. It is difficult to overestimate a contribution of small enterprises to economy. In spite of the fact that the number of small enterprises fluctuates from 37 to 74 on 1000 inhabitants, their contribution to gross domestic product makes more than 50%. While for Kazakhstan their insignificant contribution to gross domestic product - 30-31% is characteristic. For Kazakhstan this figure is equal 12%. As for employment in small business, Kazakhstan here takes the last position, i.e. for the end of 2012, in small business of Kazakhstan about 2 million people whereas in other countries this figure changes in tens of millions people were occupied. It is possible to draw a conclusion that efficiency of activity of subjects of small business is defined not by quantity of units, in Kazakhstan with it problems aren't present, and employment of the population and a contribution to country gross domestic product. Thus, to small business of our country is to what to aspire.

Small enterprises are effective not only in the consumer sphere, but also as producers of separate knots and small mechanisms, semi-finished products and other elements necessary for production of end products which release is unprofitable to the large enterprises. All this proves need of definition of a place and a role of small enterprises for economy of the developed countries and Kazakhstan including. In small business big reserves for economy development are covered.

Literature:

1. Samarina V.P. Business bases. - Manual. - M.: KNORUS, 2009. - 224pages.

2. Chepurenko A.Yu. Small business in the market environment. - M.: Publishing house of the International university in Moscow, 2009. - 324pages.