Economic sciences / 12. Rural economics
Senior teacher of Dmitriyev V. R.
Kostanaysky State University
of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan
Innovations in agrarian and industrial complex
Innovations are defined as the end result of the
innovative activity which has received an embodiment in the form of a new or
advanced product, introduced in the market, the new or advanced technological
process used in practical activities. Innovations are any technical,
organizational, economic and administrative changes, excellent from existing in
practice.
Innovative
process is connected with creation, development and advance of results of
scientific researches and development.
Within this process occurs commercializations of results of scientific
researches and development.
Implementation
of innovative activity predetermines formation of innovative process which acts
as naturally and consistently alternated system of concrete actions for
carrying out scientific researches and development, to creation of innovations
and their development directly in production.
The
certain set of innovations connected generally with their branch, functional,
technical and technological and organizational features one of which consists
that live organisms actively participate in agrarian and industrial complex in
production along with industrial means of production - animals and plants is
peculiar to each branch or the sphere of agrarian production. Expanded
reproduction proceeds in interaction of economic and natural and biological
processes. Therefore at management of innovations it is necessary to consider
requirements, both economic laws, and nature laws - equivalence,
indispensability and set of vital factors, laws of a minimum, an optimum and a
maximum. Action of the law of indispensability of factors of production is
shown that, for example, selection not to compensate fertilizer, a grade not to
compensate agrotechnology gaps, not to replace with breeding business the
stern. [1]
For
agrarian production high level of risks of innovative processes is
characteristic. The risk of financing
of research and production results, risk of a temporary gap between expenses
and results, uncertainty of demand for innovative production don't interest
private investors to invest the capital in agriculture.
Low
level of activity of innovative activity in agrarian and industrial complex of
Kazakhstan is connected also with imperfection of the developed organizational
and economic mechanism of development of innovations. It aggravates degradation
of branches of agrarian and industrial complex, leads to growth of expenses and
low competitiveness of production, slows down social and economic development
of rural territories, reduces quality of life in the village. Interferes with
transition of agrarian economy to a way of innovative development and an acute
shortage of qualified personnel. Decrease in science funding for years of
reforms, weak motivation of work led to considerable outflow of young
specialists and scientists. [2]
The
current situation analysis in agrarian and industrial complex of the republic
shows that activization of innovative activity without realization of system of
measures, first of all, financial improvement of production, becomes almost
impossible. Strategy of innovative development of an agrofood complex, its main
objectives, tasks and mechanisms of support of innovative programs and projects
have to be defined on the basis of innovative policy of the state which main
task there is a mobilization of opportunities of scientific and technical
capacity of branch for technical and technological updating of domestic
agriculture.
The
main reference point of innovative policy in the country is the State program
of the forced industrial and innovative development for 2010-2014, aimed at
providing growth of economy due to development of innovations. In pursuance of
this state program such largest projects, as dairy and commodity farms,
meat-processing plants, vegetable storehouses, hi-tech greenhouses, systems of
a drop irrigation, etc. are realized. At the same time the infrastructure of
export of grain, cattle meat with the participation of farms develops. The
financial system of support of agrarian and industrial complex of the country
through Kazagro holding structures is built: in Akmolinsky area computer
management of herd, transition to the stall maintenance of cattle and creation
of food supply is entered; in the Southern Kazakhstan area the new project
"Expansion of Production on Release of a Cotton Yarn" in Shymkent
(power of the project makes 10200 tons of a cotton yarn a year) is entered; the
large food project is carried out by Atameken corporation is a modern
flour-grinding complex which has the power of 240 tons per day. The project on
introduction of the innovative production technology of domestic elite seeds of
potatoes is financed. The project is realized by Zholbarys Agro LLP in the
territory of Almaty area in the Kerbulaksky area. All this has to allow to reach
good results. Thus, distribution of innovative experience becomes one of the
priority directions in agrarian production.
Literature:
1.
Ivanov V.A. Methodological bases of
innovative development of agro-industrial complex//Economic and social changes:
facts, tendencies, forecast. - 2008, ¹. 2
2.
Moldashev A.B. About the main problems
of development of agrarian and industrial complex//agromarket Problems. - 2011,
¹. 3.