State
policy in the area of food security
Baytilenova ES
In
modern conditions, determines the level of agricultural development , first of
all, the level of food security, which is , first and foremost , is to ensure
maximum quality of life by providing the appropriate level and food supply ,
which is characterized by two main features - an abundance of food and the
availability of its population economically receive. It can be seen as an integral and essential part of
national security, which is defined at different levels and objects: the world
, the global - all of humanity , national - state , regional, - region,
household - the family , the individual - the individual .
Food
security implies that reproduction makes the necessary amount of food to meet
the ever growing and changing needs , its state can be estimated on two main
factors: a common indicator of food security , which is the level of grain
production per capita and measure the volume of carry-over stocks of grain in
the world . The sustainability of food security, as well as a guarantee in case
of emergency is evaluated through the remaining in the state reserve to harvest
the next crop . Trust is the volume corresponding to 60 days of world
consumption , or about 17 % of the total annual consumption.
Currently
, based on the specific functioning of the food market of the Republic of
Kazakhstan , there are two groups of food products from the point of view of
consumption , market regulation which should be of a different nature :
-
Firstly , the goods whose consumption is at a fixed level and significant
changes in the volume and pattern of consumption is not expected. For example ,
the consumption of bread ( 114-120 kg per capita per year) , sugar ( 32-36 kg)
and vegetable oil ( 11-12 kg) in the country over the past years is not too
much change, and consumer demand is fixed . In this situation the expansion of
the market for these products can only be achieved by changing the structure of
consumption, by increasing the production of new types of products :
confectionery products, bio-ethanol , glucose- fructose syrup , etc.;
-
Secondly, the goods having significant potential to increase the sales market .
Stimulating demand for goods in this group , possibly through a direct impact
on the consumer. This can be achieved through a reduction in price, or
stimulation of demand . According to the Agency for Statistics, in 2010 the
share of the population living below the subsistence level has increased almost
2 fold to 2.8 million people ( 18.2 %). Food use this population is extremely
low (a little more than 1,900 calories a day), which does not create the
conditions for a healthy and active life. The basis of their diet are bread products
, the consumption of which exceeds the national average by 17 %.
Further
development of the food market and the growth of agro-food products , and with
it the stability of food supply will be largely determined by foreign trade and
agricultural policies at both the regional and national levels. Thus, the
forthcoming entry of Kazakhstan to the WTO and the consequent unification of
legislation, standards , greater transparency of customs procedures can
facilitate Kazakhstan's exports . Another determining factor will be the
national and regional policies incomes.
To
improve the functioning of the food market is necessary to develop
evidence-based strategy, which would include the following areas:
-
Sustainable development of the sectors of agriculture, increase their
competitiveness , food security and adaptation of agricultural production to
the conditions of the forthcoming accession to the World Trade Organization and
the Customs Union ;
-
Conservation, sustainable use and restoration of fish , wildlife resources ,
objects of natural reserve fund, as well as the creation of conditions for
sustainable water supply and efficient level of water use;
-
The creation of normal living conditions of the village on the basis of
optimization of rural settlement , ensuring the growth potential of rural areas
through the integration of rural development programs .
However,
the development of strategic approaches to , in our opinion , to pay attention
to the following aspects of the development of the food market :
-
Dependence on imports for certain types of food;
-
Insufficient measures of state regulation of the food market , domestic market
and export support certain types of food;
-
Lack of control over the safety of domestic and imported food products;
-
No mechanism optimal economic relations between the actors of the market, based
on the agreement of their interests and responsibilities , income support to
producers;
-
Not formed an effective pricing system for agricultural products and foodstuffs
;
-
Lack of economic access to food for the population with food in the volume and
structure needed for an active and healthy life ;
-
An imbalance of power structures on individual ingredients.
References1. Elemesov KI Economic modeling and real politics . Kazakhstan : the economy and the life - № 3 - 4 ,2 . Kazakhstan : in facts and figures . - Almaty : Statistics, 20113 . Materials , " Interregional Center of Business Cooperation"