Economic sciences / 15 State regulation of economy
Senior teacher Akhmetzhanova B. K.
Kostanaysky
state university of a name of A.Baytursynov, Kazakhstan
Main directions of state regulation of compensation
Increase
of a standard of living of the population is the most important component of
social and economic policy of Kazakhstan. The special part is assigned to human
potential in Strategy "Kazakhstan-2030" where health, education and
wellbeing of citizens of Kazakhstan are called among leading priorities of
long-term development of the country. In messages of the President of the
Republic of Kazakhstan "Strategy of occurrence of Kazakhstan in number of
50 most competitive countries of the world" and "New Kazakhstan in
the new world" modern social policy, growth of quality of life and
improvement of welfare of Kazakhstan citizens are considered as the most
important activities of the state. In the Message of the President of the
Republic of Kazakhstan "Increase of welfare of citizens of Kazakhstan – a
main goal of a state policy" as one of the main directions of economic and
social policy in 2008 is defined increase of welfare of the people of
Kazakhstan. Continuous improvement of social well-being of the Kazakhstan
citizens, all layers and social groups of the Kazakhstan society is and will
remain in the forefront of a state policy.
A
large number of the manuals published lately and reference books on a salary
shows that consideration of questions of compensation is carried out from
different positions. It is possible to distinguish from them:
-
theoretical approach,
-
accounting approach.
Both
of these approaches are lawful and important. They are certainly
interconnected, but also have the specifics. Within each approach it is
possible to allocate subsections: branch, regional, etc.
In
the first case economic regularities of formation of rates and the salary sizes
in different social and economic conditions are considered. There is more than
fundamental nature and stability.
At
accounting approach the description of the existing leading and normative
documents regulating questions of a salary in concrete time, for concrete
branches of economy, types of work is carried out. In this case adoption of each new leading document on
compensation can sharply change existing situation and is fraught with big
changes in this area.
We
will begin with the main definition in the theory of a salary, disclosure of
essence of this phenomenon. The salary in the conditions of market economy in
the most general view is a payment for work, and its size - there is the price
of work determined on a labor market as a result of interaction of demand for
concrete types of work and its offer.
The
compensation theory besides supply and demand indicators on a labor market
distinguishes also other factors having impact on the size of a salary, from
them: quantity and quality of work, its qualification, working conditions, cost
of life, politician of a salary, etc.
Object
of sale on a labor market is work of hired workers, work forthcoming after
which implementation the worker receives for it a payment - earned or a salary.
Regulation
of volumes, proportions and the sizes wage ïëà¬òû in scales of the country is carried out by the state policy of the
income and a salary, in the private sector of economy - by policy of
administration of the enterprises and the organizations in the field of
compensation.
State
policy of the income and salary ïðîâî¬äèòñÿ through the legislation, resolutions of a praviktelstvo of the Republic
of Kazakhstan and other executive authorities.
Questions
of the organization of compensation to the Republic of Kazakhstan are captured
by a legal regulation and regulation at the state, regional, branch levels and
at level the enterprise.
In
the Labour code of RK rules of law of regulation of the labor relations,
including concerning compensation are established. "Compensation - system
of the relations connected with providing with the employer of obligatory
payment to the worker of remuneration for its work according to the present
code and other regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also agreements,
labor, collective contracts and acts of the employer".
The
state regulates a population standard of living by means of system of the state
minimum social standards, by participation in negotiations at the conclusion
general, regional, industry tariff, professional tariff, territorial and other
agreements in system of social partnership, by direct and indirect impact on the
sizes of gained income and a salary, system of the taxation of natural and
legal entities, adoption of the state, industry and regional social programs,
other forms and methods.
The
salary is one of essential a factor of motivation of the person to work. In
this regard consideration of the basic concepts connected with labor motivation
is advisable.
The
relation to work characterizes extent of use of opportunities of the person for
high-performance activity at the enterprise. This relation is shown in labor
motivation, in a self-assessment of level of satisfaction by work and in the
corresponding behavior of workers. Among motivation factors not the last place
is taken by the size of compensation and material stimulation.
Literature:
1 .
Nazarbayev N. A. Increase of
welfare of citizens of Kazakhstan – a main goal of a state policy. Message of the President of the Republic
of Kazakhstan to the people of Kazakhstan.
// Kazakhstan truth. -
2008 . February-7.
2
. Nikitin S., Stepanova M. Formation and policy of a salary: experience of
economically developed countries//Work in Kazakhstan: problems, facts,
comments, 2004, No. 2, page 40.