Economic sciences
Akhmetkalieva Meruert., student
Abilkairova R. A. senior teacher
Kostanaysky state university of a name of
A.Baytursynov
Kazakhstan
Balance of the bank
and the principles of its design
The balance of the commercial Bank (KB) is a balance sheet that reflects
the state of the own and attracted funds of the Bank and their accommodation in
credit and other active operations.
Account item of the balance of banks fall into off-balance sheet.
Balance sheet accounts are divided into passive and active. Liability accounts
are designed for registration of own and attracted resources, active - to
accommodate them. Off-balance sheet accounts used for accounting of valuables
and documents that do not affect the asset and liability balance coming in banks
for safekeeping, collection or Commission, and to take account of forms of the
strict reporting forms, shares, other documents and valuables.
All balance sheet accounts are
subdivided into account a first order enlarged, synthetic account of the second
order - related, analytical accounts.
The balance sheet should reflect the operations conducted by the Bank,
serve as a basis for management decisions reflect real profits.
When forming the new chart of accounts to reflect changes that have
taken place in recent years in the fundamentals of the economic system, the
principles of organization of economic relations, expansion of functions and
increase in the number of banks operations. To change the overall structure of
the chart of accounts, which is now based on the allocation of sections of the
same type on the content of banking operations (interbank transactions, account
clientele attracted and placed funds, operations with securities).
In the basis of the Plan of accounts based on the following fundamental
principles:
1. Separation of accounts on active and passive, avoiding the use of
active-passive accounts.
2. Consistent reflection of transactions in different currencies, denial
of currency section of the» balance.
3. United temporal structure of active and passive operations.
4. Permission to make a decision about the opening of additional
accounts needed to more accurately reflect the transactions.
5. Separation of accounts by
type of customer.
6. Calculations with branches.
7. Financing of capital
investments.
8. The numbering of clients '
accounts.
Current Buch. reporting is
divided into reporting on the results of the month and reporting on the results
of the quarter. The procedure of preparation, content, terms of representation
of the current financial statements of commercial banks are defined by the
institutions of the CBR.
Ongoing reporting on the results
of the month includes:
• Balance sheet (form¹1);
• Consolidated balance sheet
(including balance sheets of branches);
• Interpretation of balances of
loan debts and arrears on loans of the Bank;
• Interpretation of the
individual accounts of the balance of maturity and direction of funds;
• Interpretation of certain
balance sheet accounts for the economic standards of the activity of the
commercial Bank;
• List of large credits;
• Transcript of the balance
sheet account «Statutory Fund of the Bank;
• Calculation of prudential
regulations;
• Calculation of the Fund of
mandatory reserves;
• Transcript of the balance
sheet account ¹ 30102;
• Interpretation of balance
sheet accounts on correspondent accounts ¹ 30109, 30110.
Statement of foreign currency
assets and liabilities is intended for gathering information about the movement
of foreign assets and liabilities of commercial banks in operations between
residents and non-residents of Russia for the reporting period. The information
contained in the report, is used for balance of payments purposes of the
Russian Federation, is confidential and is not subject to publication in the
open press.
Statements of commercial banks by results of
the quarter additionally includes negotiable statements balance in rubles and
balance in foreign currency, negotiable statements of the branches and on the
consolidated balance sheet, income statement, calculation of Fund of insurance
of deposits of commercial banks from bankruptcy. Income statement contains the
specification (the list of) income and expenses referred to the appropriate
accounts. In the report are grouped by certain types of interest and
non-interest income and expenses of the Bank. A separate section is dedicated
administrative expenses and amounts written off at a loss. Report data used for
the analysis and identification of changes in the Bank's income and expenses.
In the composition of the annual financial statements of commercial
banks include:
Ø Annual balance (F. ¹ 101)
Ø income statement (F. no
102
Ø Annex to the balance of the profit and funds (F. ¹ 126)
Ø Calculation of
allowance for possible losses on loans (F. ¹ 115)
Ø Report on the state of
internal control in the Bank
Ø Explanatory Memorandum on accounting annual report
For compiling the annual accounting report banks at the end of the
reporting year carry out the necessary preparatory work. First of all, banks are
making an inventory of all recorded on the balance and off-balance sheet
accounts of money resources and values of fixed assets, economic, and other
materials, calculations. During the preparatory work is analyzed äåáèòîðñêî-trade
payables, takes active measures on its repayment. Unreal amount will be written
off from the balance sheet and charged to losses. Analyses the credit portfolio
and taking measures to identify unrealistic loan debt and the accrued interest
on such loans and take them off in the prescribed manner. A similar analytical
work is conducted on all other types of assets (investments in securities of
joint economic activities and other) to reflect in the annual balance sheet of
the real and reliable assets and liabilities.
According to the inventory results, the measures are taken for the
settlement of the discrepancies (surpluses and shortages must be reflected on
the balance in the reporting year), documents on the exaction of the amounts
from the guilty persons, are written off in the prescribed manner unrealistic
assets, including bad loans, interest, other debts, as well as the cost of the
useless fixed assets, household equipment and materials. Prior to the
preparation of the annual financial report, completed all operations performed
final turnovers. On the first working day of the new year for all the personal
accounts of the clients are handed over or sent by mail extracts from personal
accounts with balances as at 1 January new year. In these purposes are compiled
test sheet. Peculiarities of defining a taxable base for profit tax payment
related to the competence of tax accounting and could not influence the final
financial result. In the explanatory note to the annual report estimated a
condition of the account in the Bank, decrypted remains of individual accounts.
Annual report of the commercial Bank audited, its aim is to confirm the
reliability and completeness of reality account, that the accounting with
current legislation and normative documents. Annual report commercial banks are
the Bank of Russia with a positive auditor's confirmation of its authenticity.
Literature
1. Constitution of the Republic of
Kazakhstan - Almaty Kazakhstan , 2010.
2. The
Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 27, 1999 .
3. Nazarbayev
NA Kazakhstan - 2030 : Prosperity, security and welfare of all the people of
Kazakhstan. Message from the President to the people of Kazakhstan - Almaty
Bilim , 2009.
4. On
accounting . Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan , having the
force of law on December 26, 2011 ¹ 2732 .
5. On
taxes and other obligatory payments to the budget. Law President of the Republic
of Kazakhstan 23 . 01. 2013 ¹ 147 -II ( on Amendments and Supplements to the
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan ) .