Nazarbekoba Z.M.

A. Baitursynov Kostanai State University, Kazakhstan

The public organizations and movements.

Besides parties the integral element of some democratic society are the social-political organizations and movements.

The social and political organizations are the voluntary associations of citizens arising on their initiative and for realization of their interests.

The main characteristic features of public organizations are the following:

The public organizations have not imperious relations and can't pass obligatory decisions and demand their performance.

Unlike political parties, they don't set as the purpose to seize the government, but their activity can gain political character.

It is the voluntary organizations of the citizens which have arisen on their initiative.

The state doesn't interfere in their activity, but regulates it according to the current legislation.

The political associations act on a basis of the following principles: voluntariness; combination of personal and public interests; self-government; equality of participants; legality; publicity.

The political movements are the associations, coalitions, unions of various public groups for the joint solution of interesting problems.

The social movement cannot be structurally made out; can unite the organizations of various political orientations; as a rule, is temporary (for the solution of certain tasks).

In development of social movement the following stages are allocated:

I stage

origin of ideas;

appearance of activists;

development of general views;

II stage

promotion of views;

propaganda;

involvement of supporters;

III stage

more accurate formation of ideas and requirements;

development of political activity;

then:

registration in the political organization or party and participation in political life and race for power;

if the goals are reached or there are no prospects of their achievement, the movement fades.

The political movements can be subdivided on: the national (within one country); the regional; the continental; the world.

Among the political organizations the special place is taken by labor unions.

The labor union is a non-state public organization of people of work of the same profession or in one branch of production.

The main functions of labor unions: protection of economic and social interests of workers; cultural enlightenment and education; socialization of workers; representation of interests of hired workers concerning their work and a life.

The most active political and democratic movements is the following:

1. Women's movement

In this movement the women of various age, nationalities, professions, social groups are integrated. The main objective of women's movement is protection of the rights of women. The women's movement is non-uniform. The liberal and reformist (moderate) wing of movement supports reforms in favor of women, reorganization of public consciousness concerning "weaker sex". The radical extremist current focuses attention on questions of marriage, a family, and the sexual relations. They consider as the prime cause of all female evils immemorial "man's chauvinism". In their opinion, release of women is possible by destruction of all institutes which were created by male oppressors: state, army, party, church, labor unions, etc. The first requirement of feministic revolution is the requirement of destruction of a family and representation of sexual freedom.

2. Anti-war movement

It unites in the ranks million representatives of all segments of the population practically. The main goal is elimination of a threat of war.

3. Ecological movement

This movement is in environment protection. The "Green" act for the legislation improvement in favor of the protection of nature; for the use of alternative and renewable energy sources; for the closing of harmful productions; against various forms of environmental pollution. The main goal of ecological movement is prevention of global ecological crisis.

4. Human rights movement

Unites the organizations fighting against infringements of the rights of the personality.

5. Youth movement

Supports the rights of youth, participates actively in fight for peace against the war, carries out actions to environment protection, etc.

6. National movement

Gains the strength in recent years. The participants of this movement make demands of revival of national culture, language, traditions, etc.

Besides, it is existed:

non-alignment movement;

movement against racial and national discrimination;

movement for establishment of a new economic order;

movement of peasants for the earth and social rights;

pacifist movements of scientists, doctors, lawyers and other movements.