Экономические
науки / 10.Экономика предприятия
Likhonosova Ganna
East Ukrainian national
university name of Vladimir Dal
INDICATORS
OF SELF-ORGANIZATION OF THE ENTERPRISE
Research of processes of self-organizing — one of the
brightest and promising directions in a scientific life of last decade. In
their basis interdisciplinary character of self-organizing and the system
approach to enterprise consideration lies.
Self-organizing processes interest now economists more
than ever earlier. The reality of today and necessity of overcoming of the
residual phenomena of financial crisis puts an economic science on a way of
search of potential reserves of the enterprise. For the account of these
reserves (economic, organizational, social, psychological) the enterprise is
capable itself to deduce on a new level of development. Unessential best, but
it is obligatory – new.
For understanding of essence of self-organizing it is
necessary to address to its interpretation in the dictionary [1] – purposeful
process in which course the organization of difficult dynamic system is
created, reproduced or improved. Properties of self-organizing objects of the
various nature possess: a cage, an organism, biological population, human
collective. The term "self-organizing system" was entered for the
first time in 1947 by the English scientist W.R. Ashby [2].
As the basic direction of
the given research the explanation of essence of self-organizing of the
enterprises and search of indicators of the beginning and the further passage of
these processes acts. Concerning the enterprise, self-organizing is extremely
difficult and multifactor complex of interaction of its elements providing
effective functioning of the enterprise in different economic and social
conditions.
Self-organizing of the
enterprises is the phenomenal process consisting of organizational and economic
components which result from ambiguous behavior of multielement organizational
structure and the multifactor economic environment of the enterprise.
Definition of essence of
self-organizing for each enterprise has great value as during realization of
self-organizational possibilities the enterprise does not degrade to standard
average type, and develops as a result of energy inflow (financial streams)
from the outside, ambiguity of internal processes and occurrence of particular
treatments of functioning.
For achievement of a
positive effect from self-organizing, the accurate understanding of these
processes and the all-round control of their orientation is necessary. Accordingly
at the enterprise the complex of indicators of definition of a condition of
self-organizing should be developed.
The big encyclopedic dictionary makes such definition
of the indicator (from an armour. indicator - the index) [1] – a set of the
indicators displaying changes of any parameter of controllable process or
object in the form, convenient for direct perception the person.
Thus, for the enterprise as indicators of its
self-organizing the indicators displaying changes in its organizational-economic
structure can serve. It is necessary to understand as organizational-economic
structure of the enterprise, first, organizational structure of the enterprise,
secondly, its borders of activity or influence sphere.
Let's characterize in details these indicators of
self-organizing of the enterprise:
1. Change of organizational structure. The essence of
change of organizational structure of the enterprise consists in reduction or
increase managements at the enterprise. In both cases change of organizational
structure leads to growing complexity of processes of the organization. All
divisions of the enterprise have different potentials (technical, economic,
organizational, social) which daily change depending on interaction of the
enterprise and its workers with external and internal activators. The
Administration should be capable quickly and productively use this potential
for any activation of impulses: creative ideas, initiatives of the personnel
and elimination of any hindrances and obstacles in a way of development of the
enterprise.
Equal in rights and independent participants – the
workers of the enterprise connected among themselves by structure of the
organization in one network – the enterprise, it is possible to define as
self-organizing structure which is formed with orientation to specific goals
and problems and varies at occurrence of each new problem situation.
2. Change of borders of activity or sphere of
influence of the enterprise. The given display of self-organizing occurs that
human resources in search of new quality indicators of maintenance of their
ability to live are activated. Domestic scientists [3, с.6] formulate concept
«an enterprise field of activity» as areas of ability to live of the enterprise
which is formed under the influence of external and internal factors of
development. That is, change of borders of activity and sphere of influence of the
enterprise is caused by presence of factors of development at the enterprise
and connected with requirements of its personnel for maintenance of worthy
level of ability to live of which is already incapable to give former fields of
activity.
Thus, self-organizing indicators at the enterprise
various indicators can: technological, economic, social. Everyone the
enterprises depending on its purposes of activity itself should develop for
itself system of the given indicators. It is not deprived sense the offer of
the author to use as the given indicators of change of borders of activity and
change of organizational structure, as most obvious reflexion of
self-organizing at the enterprise.
Литература:
1.
Большой Энциклопедический Словарь // http://www.prepadav.net
2.
Эшби У.Р. Принципы самоорганизации. – М.: Наука, 1994.
3. Калінеску Т.В.
Методологічні основи розвитку сфери діяльності підприємств. Автореферат на
здобуття наук. ступеня докт. екон. наук. – Харків: ІНЖЕК, 2004. – 30 с.