DEPARTMENTAL
EDUCATION IN THE STATE EMERGENCY
SERVICE OF UKRAINE
Nowadays education is becoming a source of
distinctions in the society within the framework of global economics. It gives
the advantages to those who have modern skills and knowledge of great quality
and sets limits to the opportunities of those who haven’t an appropriate
education. It’s necessary to mention that practically all developed countries
carried out reforms of the departmental education of different intensity and
scale investing in them uncommonly large finances. Reforms of the departmental
education have acquired the status of the state policy because the states began
to realize that the level of the departmental education in the country determines
its future development.
The period of the first decade of the state
independence of Ukraine was characterized by the vast and radical changes in
all the spheres of social life. Among the important tasks of the modern policy
of the state strategy there were the tasks of the development and modernization
of the departmental system of education. The most critical and actual issues
were and are the ones of the development and system reformation of the home
departmental education, taking it out to the level of the high competitive
ability in accordance with the modern achievements in this sphere.
The essential element of the national higher school is
the system of the higher departmental educational establishments of Ukraine. It
was formed historically.
In 1991 Ukraine was in great difficulties concerning
the provision with the higher educational establishments of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs (the MIA) because of the disproportion of the disposition of
the potential of the higher educational establishments in the former USSR.
Such condition of affairs didn’t meet the requirements
of the real life. Everyday activity of the fire prevention agencies in the
condition of cardinal social changes, the reformation of the regulatory and
legal framework required effective forms and actions as to preparing
highly-qualified cadres.
In brief period of time the system of departmental
educational establishments of fire-technical type was formed. They were opened
in Kharkiv, Lviv and Cherkasy. The scientific and pedagogical potential able to
solve the most difficult educational, methodical, scientific tasks, stimulated
by actual demands of the training highly-qualified cadres and the activity of
educational establishments of the MIA of Ukraine was concentrated there.
In comparison
with 1991, the amount of non-permanent personnel increased more than
four times, the number of cadets and correspondence students (70% of them are
future rescuer workers) enlarged too. The majority of them are internal
students.
The formation of the statehood in
independent Ukraine set substantially new and important tasks before the
organization of higher education including the system of the MIA of Ukraine.
Building up the state, difficult social
and economical phenomena of the transitional period, connected with the
formation of the bases of the market economy, structural reorganization in the
society and its material basis which became of radical character resulted into
noticeable sociable instability. Together with the formation of new state
boundaries not only economical but cultural, intellectual and scientific
connections were broken.
Under such conditions the formation of the
system of the departmental education of the MIA of Ukraine occurred. It put
into practice parallel with the reformation of the whole system of the MIA of
Ukraine.
Nowadays the departmental education is as
young as the Ukrainian statehood at present stage. In the activity of higher
educational establishments of the system of the State Emergency Service of
Ukraine (the SES of Ukraine) much undone is left, there are certain drawbacks
but for the short period of time the departmental higher school and educational
establishments have accumulated inestimable experience.
Its name itself determined the peculiarity
of work. Higher educational establishments of the departmental education as a
system which is functioning and developing inalienably integrated both into the
nationwide process of the development of the education on all its levels and
into the reformation even more – to the transformation of the fire prevention
agencies in accordance with the demands of the building up of the national
statehood, formation of the civil society in Ukraine. In the 90s the fire
prevention agencies of Ukraine in particular rescue workers had to work against
the background of the difficult structural and reorganizing processes in the
society. Conceptual, ideological, legislative, organizational, methodological
addresses of their activities were changing. The employees of the fire prevention
bodies worked in the conditions of the social and economical instability,
forced to solve sometimes unexpected tasks.
“Cadres decide everything” – though
cynically (considering the realities of that period of time) but very deeply
the former head of the USSR noticed. And that, in what form the system of the
SES of Ukraine will enter the future millennium, how effectively it will be
able to fulfill the tasks put down on it by the society and the state – depends
to a considerable extent on the level and quality of the current work of the
departmental higher educational establishments. Thousands and thousands of
future officers receive professional qualification there. On their
professionalism, mastery, knowledge and skills and not in the last place on the
firmness of the moral foundation put into them the preparation of the future
rescue workers will depend in the coming century.
Not without reason exactly the work of the
higher educational establishments of the SES of Ukraine is paid much attention
to.
It won’t be the exaggeration to note that
exactly the departmental higher educational establishments train not only
practical rescue workers but also their future commanders – from the commander
of the guard to the Minister of the Emergency Service of Ukraine. Much of that
how creative, self-denying and professional they will solve new tasks which
will arise before the fire prevention bodies in five, ten, twenty years is
determining nowadays in the lecture halls, classrooms, training grounds,
shooting ranges and galleries, gyms of the educational establishments.
Theoretical knowledge, availability of scientific works which allow to walk in
step with time and even leave behind it also depends to a considerable extent
on the level and effectiveness of the work of the departmental higher
educational establishments.
Within the precincts of the departmental
educational establishments a primordial issue – whether a graduate put on new
lieutenant’s shoulder straps comes to his primary post of the fire prevention
agencies as a developed personality who knows what to do during his service
activity, how to do and mainly in the name of what or not – is being solved and
always will be solved. The 21st
century doesn’t need rescue workers who will have only the dead store of
yesterday’s knowledge, who aren’t taught to work constantly at yourself,
self-education, self-perfection, who are only able to use the memorized norms
of the legislation or other knowledge mechanically, who live in the parameters
“black – white” conception of the world, who don’t apprehend the surrounding
world and don’t see the live and constant dynamics of the changes in it.
Only 10 years ago in the USSR the issue of
the formation of the conception of the world didn’t exist in the main.
Everybody knew that the conception of the world either of “a Soviet person” in
general or a rescue worker in particular was based on the principals of the
“only correct” theory of Marxism-Leninism and the appropriate concretization of
its regulations in case of that or other professionally oriented system of
education. It was allowed the existence of only separate methodical or
exclusively technical questions namely in which way, in which volumes and time
intervals to deliver to the masses undoubtedly correct and that’s why
all-powerful conclusions of the works of K. Marx, F. Engels,
V. Lenin and also the resolutions of the regular congress of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union (the CPSU).
Just as the indicated works were
considered to be the higher achievement of the millennial development of
science so the attribute of the Marxist-Leninist conception of the world – and
only of it – the scientific quality was stated. So, the formation of such kind
of the scientific conception of the world by the chain of various means
including the means of the higher education was one of the main tasks of the
ideological work both the CPSU and the appropriate institutions of the Soviet
state in particular the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education
of the USSR.
Nowadays there is no former CPSU with its
infringements upon the perfect knowledge of the ways to the communism and there
is no former USSR with its Ministry of Higher Education. The life in our
country is passing on under absolutely different conditions, the most important
among which is the disappearance of the global system of socialism and its
leader – the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics and also the formation of
Ukraine which announced itself to be a sovereign and independent, democratic,
social and legal state. Earlier unknown objective processes of common to
mankind significance create a problematic situation, one of the important
components of which is the problem of the formation of the equal to them
conception of the world.
The laws of Ukraine “On Higher Education”
determine the goal, strategic tasks, directions of primary importance and the
ways of the reformation of the departmental education clearly according to the
modern tendencies of the development of the state [1].
One of the most important sources of the formation of
the departmental education is the results of the dissertations and the analyses
of the scientific literature.
A noticeable contribution to the development of the
departmental education was made by V. Domansky, V. Parkhomenko,
A. Pidhainy, H. Ponomarenko, A. Tomilenko and other scientists.
They made a considerable contribution into methodological, organizational,
technical and legal principals of the maintenance of the departmental
education.
Some aspects of the development of the departmental
education are shown in the dissertation and scientific publications of A. V. Pidhainy. The author
clears up the formation and development of the system of preparing of cadres
among the officers for the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine in the
end of the 19th century – in the 20th century [2].
In the investigations of V. A. Parkhomenko
the functioning and the experience of the work of the fire protection in
Mykolayev in the 19thcentury – the first half of the 20th
century are enlightened [3].
In the investigations of V. A. Domansky the
author offers and substantiates the periodization of the development of the
state management of the fire safety of Ukraine scientifically (organizational
and legal analysis by the materials of the activities of the State Department
of Fire Safety) and determines the basic directions of the usage of the past
experience in the modern practice [4].
In the works of H. O. Ponomarenko a brief
review of fire safety as an element of the internal security of the state is
given, in particular the concept and system of actions of their provision are
shown [5].
Different problems of the development of fire affairs
in Right-Bank Ukraine in the second half of the 19th century – in the
beginning of the 20th century are shown in the dissertation and
scientific publications of A. H. Tomilenko [6].
Thus, the history of the departmental education is not
enlightened yet properly which stipulates the actuality of the chosen direction
of the investigation.
Nowadays the investigation of the issues of the
departmental education of Ukraine is urgent. The main tasks of the departmental
education today is the guarantee of the fundamental renovation of the system of
the departmental education on the basis of the realities of the modern life,
prospects of the social and economic development of Ukraine as a sovereign
state.
Nowadays the departmental education consists of higher
educational establishments where thousands of cadets and students study.
Consequently the role and importance of the departmental educational
establishments in providing with the contents of the educational process the
aim of which is professional training of highly-qualified specialists are
beginning to clear up. Only such
departmental educational establishments which have all the necessary rights and
responsibilities determined distinctly in the regulatory and legal documents
can provide the contents of the educational process in the sphere of
professional training of the personnel.
Under present-day conditions education in the higher
educational establishments must be inalienable, totally integrated part of the
general science, which is realized by means of the appropriate system of the
educational establishments of the higher level of accreditation.
The main constituent of education is the substantiated
system of the educational material for different education, education and
qualification levels didactically and methodically drew up. This system is
determined by education, education and qualification programs of training,
structural and logical scheme of training, curricula of educational subjects,
other legislative acts of the State administrative bodies of education and
higher education and reflected in appropriate text books, work books,
methodological materials and didactic materials.
The contents of education include normative and
selective components: the normative component of the contents of education is
determined by the appropriate state standard of education; the selective
component of education is determined by a higher educational establishment.
Thus, the contents of the educational process in the departmental educational
establishments are determined normatively and regulated. According to the
Statute on organizing the educational process in higher educational
establishments the state standard of education is the whole set of norms which
determine the demands to the education (qualification) level [7].
The necessity of development of human
recourses of the bodies of the system of the SES of Ukraine and the system of
the personnel development activated the
problem of the improvement of regulatory support of professional training of
rank and file and officers in the higher educational establishments. For the qualitative
functioning of the state service of these bodies it is necessary to have a high
level of the development of professionalism of training future firefighters
which create a real possibility to optimize the appropriate education and
bringing-up process of training highly-qualified specialists.
The most important questions of creating,
organizing and functioning of the bodies of the system of the SES of Ukraine,
departmental education and the activities of their personnel are regulated by a
number of legislative acts which are differentiated by legal force and form:
Constitution, constitutional and current laws, decrees, decisions, statutes,
orders, instructions, directions, decisions of different general and social
objects.
The main task of the modern departmental
education is the formation of a future specialist as a citizen of our country,
as a personality able to interact with the environment and society completely
and harmonically, realize freely and consciously, learn to be responsible for
the consequences of his own actions.
Modern departmental educational
establishments are the important element of the personal enrichment of cadets
and students about social environment, the formation of scientifically
substantiated, ethical, responsible and aesthetic attitude to it. So, the role
of higher educational establishment in the formation of the responsibility of a
person is growing inevitably.
It is necessary to underline that there
are a great number of tasks and problems which the SES of Ukraine faces today.
Professional experience of the higher
educational establishments shows that the main directions of its improvement
are the following:
-
the development of normative and organizational and
structural constituent (the improvement of legislative and departmental
regulatory and legal framework, the increase of the effectiveness of the
organizational and management activities, the improvement of the structure and
management within the certain higher educational establishment and so on);
-
the increase of the effectiveness of the educational process (the
improvement of the quality of teaching, the development and introduction of new
methods of teaching, the improvement of methodological work, the improvement of
the quality of pedagogical process, the application of new methods of
organizing the educational process, wide attraction of the latest technologies,
in the first place, informational ones, etc);
-
the improvement of social, psychological and educational work (the
increase of the effectiveness of the professional orientation and professional
selection, psychological follow-up of the educational process, social work and
social investigations within the framework of the departmental educational
establishments).
The present structure of the higher educational
establishments of the system of the SES of Ukraine fulfils the set tasks on the
whole. Administrations of the higher educational establishments, academic
councils have their own, clearly determined competence and administer all the
sides of the activities of the higher educational establishments.
Modern departmental educational establishments perform
a great amount of work; do their own fruitful contribution into the development
of the system of the SES of Ukraine. They don’t avoid urgent problems of the
development of the Ukrainian statehood, reformation of the system and
economics. Nowadays thousands of graduates are performing their duties
successfully. It has been done a good few but it is not time to stop.
ЛІТЕРАТУРА
1.
Закон України “ Про освіту ”. – № 608/96 від
17.12. 1996 року.
2.
Підгайний
А.В. Становлення та розвиток системи підготовки офіцерських кадрів МНС України
наприкінці ХХ - початку ХІХ ст: Дис. канд. істор. наук, Львів, 2009.
3.
Пархоменко В.А. З історії пожежної
охорони Миколаєва у ХІХ – першій половині ХХ століття. // Збірник. – Миколаїв:
Вид-во МФ НаУКМА, 2004. – Т.37: Історичні науки. – С. 123-125.
4.
Доманський В.А. Державне управління пожежною безпекою
України (організаційно-правовий аналіз за матеріалами діяльності Державного
департаменту пожежної безпеки): Дис. канд. юрид. наук: 12.00.07 – Х.: НАВСУ,
2004. – 201 с.
5.
Пономаренко Г.О. Пожежна безпека як
елемент внутрішньої безпеки держави: поняття та система заходів забезпечення //
Вісник Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Юридичні
науки. – 2007. – Вип. 74. – С. 47-50.
6.
Томіленко А.Г. Діяльність
добровільних пожежних товариств на Правобережній Україні (друга половина ХІХ –
початок ХХ ст). // Збірник. – Миколаїв: Вид-во МФ НаУКМА, 2000. – Т.5:
Історичні науки. – С. 39-42.
7.
Наказ Міністерства освіти України “ Про затвердження Положення, про організацію
навчального процесу у вищих навчальних закладах ”. – №161 від 02.06.1993 року.
8.
Кредитно-модульна система організації
навчального процессу
/ [Електронний ресурс] / Режим доступу до джерела:
http://pidruchniki.com/.