Chitanova S. S.

Master’s Programme Student "Pedagogical management"

Kalmyk state university

Elista

Russian Federation

Shagaeva N. A.

Associate Professor

Kalmyk state university

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF CREATIVE ABILITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOLSTUDENTS BY MEANS OF PROJECT ACTIVITY

Annotation: This articleconsiders the problem of formation of creative abilities of primaryschoolstudents by means of the introduction intheproject activity. We have disclosed the meaning of words "ability", "creative abilities", "activity" and "project activity". We also have named authors who worked over this problem.

Keywords: abilities, creative abilities, project activity, activity.

One of the most important problems of modern school is an opportunity to allow each person to discover their skillsand develop creative abilities completely. The problem of creativity is one of the main problems inresearches of teachers, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, culturologists and other sciences. Such scientists as G. S. Altshuller, M. M. Zinovkina, B. M. Kedrov, Y. P. Salamatov were engaged in the issues related to theoretical studies of the process of the creativity.

From the point of view of psychological aspects, and also to psychological-pedagogical positions and concepts on the basics of theory of studing theory creativity, the disclosure of creative potential of the person are developed by P. N. Andrianov, I. P. Volkov, V. A. Polyakov, L.M. Friedman, etc.

Researches by D. B. Bogoyavlenskaya, L.S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontyev, V. A. Molyako, S. L. Rubenstein, E. N. Yakovleva are devoted to psychological problems of development of the person in creative activities.

It should be noted that the term "capability" has very broad application in various practice areas. As a rule, abilities are understood as the specific features which are criterias of the successful realization of certain activities. Nevertheless, each researcher treats the term "capabilities" ambiguously, despite his regular and wide use in psychology.

Abilities mean a property or a quality of the person, making him suitable for successful realization of certain activities. Abilities contains natural backgrounds of development in the form ofinclinations. People are born with various inclinations. Inclinations are just backgrounds of development of abilities.

B. M. Teplov marked three main signs of the meaning "ability".

1. Abilities are not any specific features, but just concerning successful realization of activities.

2. The meaning of the word "ability" doesn't come down to thatknowledge or skills which a certain person has.

3. Abilities are the individual-psychological features distinguishing people from each other; abilities where we speak about properties concerning that everybody is equal are little represented.

L. S. Vygotsky in his definition of creativity emphasizes its internal and external parties. «We name «creative activities» such activities of the person who creates something new, whether it will be created by creative activities ofsomething of the outside world or the known creation of the mind or feeling living and which is found just in the person»[1,64].

Having opened the meaning of the words «abilities» and «creative abilities», we established that abilities can be acquired and congenital.

In the National Federal Educational Standard of the Primary General Education the special attention is paid to the project activities aimed at the development of the identity of pupils including the development of creative abilities of primaryschool students.

Project activities of pupils are in the center of scientific interests of both domestic and foreign researchers for a long time (V. M. Glazychev, I. I. Lyakhov, V. A. Slastenin, G. P. Schedrovitsky, K. M. Kantor, J. Jones, T. Maldonado, etc.). Project activities from the point of view of methodical aspects were considered by P. R. Atutov, N. V. Matyash, M. B. Pavlova, V. D. Simonenko, etc. In methodical works the project activity which included subjects of educational process during the realization of creative projects is considered.

If pupils know project activitieswell, it allows realizing tasks of development of primary schoolstudents successfully. But primary school students haven’t got so considerable knowledge, skills which they could use in educational process in case of realization creative projects. And such effective method, in our opinion, is involvement of primary school pupils in project activities which promote development of creative abilities[3].

In the context of our research we are interested in works P. R. Atutova, N. V. Matyash, S. N. Nikolaeva, M. B. Pavlova, E. S. Polat, B.A. Polyakova, A. I. Savenkov, V. D. Simonenkodisclosingtheessence of project activities and its feature at primary school age.

According to teachers and psychologists, huge value in development of the personality has competently organized project activities at younger school age. Before addressing to the meaning of the word «project activities», we will consider the concept «activities».

Activities are the process of activity of the person characterized by the components of its structure: subject, requirement and motive, purposes and conditions of their achievement, actions and operations. In modern researches different types of activities such as material and practical, social, spiritual, search, projectaremarked[5]. Then we will stop on the concept "project activities".

«Project activities are understood as a process of creation of the project (an idea, the plan), that is a prototype of an expected or possible object, a process condition, etc. Project activities are the object-oriented activities, just as activities of a research and knowledge»[3,13].

So, in the modern conditions of development of society and an education system the requirements of everyday life are connected with creative abilities of the person. The analysis of psychology-pedagogical literature shows that project activities really are an effective method of development of creative abilities of children of primary school age. Teachers and psychologists have proved that project activities lead to positive changes of the informative sphere of primary school pupils because the subject of the study represents the complete person, and not just the knowledge processes which are separately taken from it – memory, thinking, attention, etc.Projection and creation of a product – from the idea and to its material realization, promote the development of memory, evident and figurative and abstract-logical thinking and other informative processes. This method of the organization of educational activities constructed on the basis of interests and the child's opportunities allows them to be realized as the researcher, the creator, and the scientist.

References:

1. Vygotsky, L.S.Pedagogical psychology/ L. S. Vygotsky. - Moscow.: Pedagogics, 2000.-479 p.

2. Mukhina, V. S. Age psychology: development phenomenology, childhood, adolescence/V.S. Mukhina. - Moscow.: Academy, 2009. 405 p.

3. Matyash, N. V.Project activities of younger school students. The book for the elementary school teacher/ N.V. Matyash. - Moscow.: Ventana-Graf, 2007

4. Bondarev, P.B., Kurochkina V. E.Project activities of the teacher.The education guidance under a general edition/P.B. Bondarev. – Krasnodar: Publishing house of the Gymnasium No. 71.-2002. 85 p.