THE FEATURES OF GIVING PSYCHOLOGICAL ADVICE IN PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

A.A. Liasova- Senior Lecturer faculty of Philosophy and Political Science, al-Farabi Kazakh National University;

Zhubanazarova N.S. – The candidate of psychological Sciences, associate professor, faculty of Philosophy and Political Science, al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Zhubanazarova@mail.ru

Atahan A.T., Otarbayeva P.G. - 4 kurs student,

faculty of Philosophy and Political Science, al-Farabi Kazakh National

Kazakhstan, Almaty

Summary: The authors of the article considered the problem of giving professional direction to high school students. Also there are the features of giving psychological advice guidance and there is given a description about types of psychological advice.

Currently, the problem of unemployment among young people in career choices of senior students is because of their not paying attention on their future professions. Accordingly, this problem requires professional advice in choosing the future profession. Therefore, the theme "peculiarities of psychological counseling in the professional direction of high school children" is relevant to state and society.

To determine the future profession, containing direction to the citizens in the future - one of the urgent issues today. President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev mentioned on his appeal to people of Kazakhstan about "making the unified system of assessing the level of knowledge and skills of each student." This problem is shown in the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan about "Education" as one of the main tasks of the education system. The contribution of the teacher-psychologist of the school in the solution of this problem is very important. Because, to reveal all the abilities and capabilities of the individual, to teach them a healthy lifestyle, creating a culture of communication for the psychological development of students taking into account peculiarities of their conscious choice of future profession psychologist should help.

Currently, one of the main problems of the state is education, to improve this education we should start the guidance of professional direction of students in school. The choice of profession of the high school students is their main problem. His right choice will be helpful for himself and for society too.

Professional direction includes a variety of issues, including: social, economic, legal, psychological, pedagogical, medical, physiological, and involves cognitive issues. People get bored of their professions when they chose the wrong ones. When you are not satisfied with your job it makes you to change your job, to prepare a new worker is company's expenses.

There is information about professionaldirection, professional education in the works of P.R. Atutov, S.Batyshev, M.N.Mahmudov, G.A.Umanov.

The theoretical foundations of student's professional direction caused in the works of A.D. Sazanov, V.D. Simonenko, V.S. Avanesov, B.I.Bukhvalov.

The experiences of high school students' professional works and biomedical, psycho-pedagogical and social economic aspects reflected in the works of N.N Zakharov.

The issues related with choosing the profession analyzed in the works of V.A. Polyakov, R.G. Gurov, I.N. Nazimov, V.N. Shubin, S.N. Chistyakova, S.N. Chistyakov, G.G. Agnovoi.

Psycho-educational counseling, vocational orientation of students, tendencies and interests of the personality are in the works of A.T. Kovalev, I.N. Nazimov, E.A. Klimov, G.N. Shunin, S.D.Rubinstein, L.N. Kapustin, S.N. Chistyakov, S.V. Avanesov, V. D. Simonenko.

The issues of professional direction of teaching in the classroom and in other forms of organizations revealed in the works of V.P. Basargin, A.V. Mordovskaya, G.F. Vecherko. G.A. Umanov, A.P. Seiteshov, B.Zh. Sydykov, L.V. Levonov, B.A. Ospanov, L.H. Mazhitova, Zh. Askarova, R.A. Ozgambaeva engaged in problems with professional direction in Kazakhstan.

The meaning of forming the relationship that are needed in all works by identifying the psychological characteristics of all children is very deep. In connection with the organization of psychological service in schools for all students, individual psychological characteristics of personality of each child, interests and abilities, personal qualities and processes of cognition can be fully evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively.

There are many reasons formed the basis for the definition of their future profession of each person. D.Super among the researches identified the following articles which are basis for the choice of profession:

- every person characterizes with the inherent ability, interest, behavior;

- related to this characteristics people can be able to do few works;

- the point of view to his profession, skills, the impact on them of objective and subjective factors changes related to human's life experiences;

- look at the choice of profession takes place in several stages;

- the evolution of attitudes on the profession is related to parents' social-economic status, individual characteristics and abilities associated with the specialty training;

- there are many opportunities in management capability, management and development in stages of formation of child's desires;

- the value of specialty is the implementation and development of "I"-conception;

- psychological counseling and correction make "I"-conception and

the truth to stand together;

- if human has opportunity to show his capacity and ability in works it satisfies human and is the main reason to achieve the skills.

To show the professional direction is a dedicated work by teachers, psychologists and other employees that helps to develop the abilities and professional interests of pupils taking account of the aptitudes of each pupil.

The main tasks of career guidance in school:

- to teach students more about professions;

- to explore the individual characteristics of each student in order to develop professional interests and aptitudes;

-to help the students to choose the profession;

- adaptation of students towards a certain kind of profession.

I.S. Konzhas highlighted identification of professional characteristics in psychology into several stages:

1st stage – a children's game, during the game the child as a behavior of individual elements, playing in various professional roles.

2nd stage – admonished student that he likes the profession related to fantasizing how it feels representative of the same specialty.

3rd stage – the choice of profession of the student. Sorts of different activities. Evaluates them from the standpoint of passion to another, then, depending on their abilities, then the evaluation system is considered from the point of view.

4th stage – practical to choose a profession to his liking, a decision that includes 2 main components; level of qualification of the future work, the scope and duration of the preparation, the choice of a particular specialty.

In our view young people should do practical and psychological training before choosing the profession.

We need professional advice to choose the profession. There is felt weakness in the centers in many cities of Kazakhstan where people give advice about professions.

Choosing profession isn’t only social problem, but psychological problem as well. There are main psychological notions. As given below:

-The stability of human mind and its practical invariability relies on this, on possibilities and achievement of human abilities and actions. On one hand choosing the right profession which will match labor needed and on the other hand, the work which suits the abilities of a person.

-It comes from an idea that the needed abilities of any human can be divided in some way. Those two approximations can be classified differently, but it is the lack of their mutual methodology that is personal capabilities and labor action. They are viewed as two sovereign and opposite to each other concepts. Even then, one of them is dependent to other.

-Separate manner classifying research in this action, namely oneness of actions and mind.

The system of giving professional direction consists of professional information, occupational educational work, career advice and professional adaptation and selection. Professional information – one of the main forms of giving direction in middle school. Through professional information students receive notions about importance and meaning of various types of professions. Students are introduced to requirements given to people through profession. Ideas about career features and it’s place in society are given.

Professional information is very complex and versatile work. It is led by taking into account the need of specialists in every economical area and it’s future development. The content, organization and methods of professional information is different for every age group. Therefore, it should be led by keeping in mind the age traits of students. For example, in elementary school it should be presented in direction of loving and respecting labor instead of choosing career. In 5-8 grades students’ purview should be broadened, they should be introduced to popular types of professions that are needed in that economical area. And in 9-11 grades attention should be paid to learning about every profession in depth and developing abilities to get interested in one of the specialties. Main types of activities for students at this time: optional classes, technical clubs, clubs aimed to choose various specialties, etc.

One of the most popular types of professional information – going on a trip to manufactures, meeting different specialists, holding conferences with high school, professional-technical school students and industrial communities, etc.

Professional advice takes important place in giving direction in school. Main goal – offering high school students specialty groups and professions based on health, anatomical-physiological and social-psychological analysis of them.

“Professional advice” – giving advice and direction about peculiarities of different professions to students who lack information. Providing information about medical and psychological requirements that fit specific profession, how important that job is for society is professional advice. Those events should be given to students by special centers, psychologists or teachers.

In professional advice information about the hard part of profession, medical negative sides, the development of that profession in the future should be provided to student. And meetings with students who learn on different specialties should take place to increase the interest further.

Professional selection – research directed to find out suitability for mastering profession through special methodology. In society professional selection is forced “adaptation” to certain type of profession, whereas professional selection is based on it’s humanistic, educational meaning, “getting used to” new working condition of youth.

Professional adaptation takes place on the workplace and during experiencing working action. Professional adaptation – adapting to profession within new conditions. Here the meaning of youth’s first impression, their understanding and feeling of the goal of working action and satisfaction with interest in profession play important role. The benefits of professional adaptation are not only seen in exact labor outcome, but also in manufacture collective, in the outcome of systematic work done with youth who just got involved in labor.

Scientists, based on results of social questionnaire taken from teenagers, have shown that profession choosers gave the creativity feature of work the first place, the place of profession in society on second, whereas the amount of salary on third place. But what youth meant by “creativity feature” mostly was the social reputation. For example, student disliking or looking down on some types of specialties is just repeating opinions of their elder siblings. Most of the high schools graduating students choose universities directed to “intellectual” careers. However, for our people not only scientist and engineers, but also broad profiled professions are needed. But nowadays for our country needs ladder more. Uniqueness of one specialty defines the authority of it in society’s opinion and it’s popularity.

Like was said earlier, usually teachers, of course parents and other specialists should be involved in organizing students meetings with professions owners. On those meetings, the needed information about profession is gained:

-General information about profession;

-The sanitary-hygienic state of work;

-Psycho-physiological requirements for work;

-Special economical and legal preparation for specialty;

In our opinion, for professional directing special psychology specialist studies every student. We think then studying child’s psychology finding out professional readiness, enthusiasm, abilities won’t be hard. The main goal of this activity – finding out if high school students’ individual, psychophysiological traits, therefore, the development of child’s psych, health’s peculiarities and structure of body match certain profession and suitability of person for that profession.

Giving professional direction is the first step in students being the needed specialist in the future. Even if student will not own a certain profession right after finishing school, they should own a sense of direction. That is, in case they will not study higher education, not to increase the unemployment rate. And if they go to study, then consciously choosing profession that suits their abilities, interests and society needs. Giving professional direction that is required for finding your own place in life is a very complicated research, it is needs to be considered as a separate scientific branch.

The list of literature:

1. The Law about «Education» of Kazakhstan Republic. – Almaty , 2007.

2. The concept of profile teaching’s development of Kazakhstan. –Astana, 2010. –p.13.

3.The President of Kazakhstan Republic N.A.Nazarbayev. «Innovations and studying – to the education economy by developing knowledge». 27 may, 2006.

4. Belova T.V.,Voloshina I.A.,Solnseva V.A. and e.t.c. Reference book of beginning professional concultant.– М., 2008.

5. Bendyukov M.A. Alphabet of professional orientation. How a young man can succeed at the market of labour. 2^nd edition / М.А.Bendyukov, I.L.Solomin, М.I.Tkachev. St. Petersburg «Literature plus », 2007.

6. Cooperation of general school and special educational establishments in the professional orientation of young people: International institution of higher learning collection of scientific works трудов . –Yaroslavl: Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D.Ushinski, 2004.

7. Zakharov N.N. Professional orientation of schoolchildren : train aid for students. – М.: « Prosveshenie», 2008.

8. Klimov E.A. How to choose the profession. 2^nd edition /E.A.Klimov.: «Prosveshenie», 2000.

9. Martinova S.S. Professional orientation of schoolchildren(methodical recommendations);Omsk: Omsk pedagogical university, 2006.