Экономические науки/5.Управление трудовыми ресурсами
Kabykenova A., master student of "the public and local
administration"
Karaganda economic university of
Kazpotrebsoyuz, Republic of Kazakhstan,
POLICY OF
THE EMPLOYMENT AND REGULATION OF LABOR MARKET IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
(Политика
занятости и регулирование рынка труда в Республике Казахстан.)
Professional employment, qualified
personnel, retraining of a manpower, reduction of unemployment, increase of
efficiency of public service of employment and realization of other measures
aimed at providing social protection of citizens in labor market - all this is
carried out with a state policy of employment.
The policy in labor market pursues
the following aims: [1]
-First, ensuring progressive shifts in
branch structure of employment of the population.
-Secondly, reorientation of
economically active population to new forms of the labor relations.
-Thirdly, achievement of balance of
the offer of labor and number of workplaces.
-Fourthly, the prevention of mass
unemployment in local labor markets.
-Fifthly, creation new and increase
of efficiency of the existing workplaces.
-Sixthly, development of personnel
potential by improvement of system of training, retraining, retraining and
professional development of shots.
-Seventhly, growth of mobility of a
manpower.
State regulation of labor market
represents multilevel process which structure is given in the table 1.
Tables 1. Structure of state
regulation of labor market in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Structure of state regulation of labor market
in the Republic of Kazakhstan. |
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Macrolevel |
Regional level |
Microlevel |
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|
Tasks of the supreme bodies of legislative
and executive power: Coordination financially - credit,
structural, investment, external economic the politician with system is more
whole than regulation of labor market. Coordination social, demographic, migratory
the politician with the purposes and priorities the directions of regulation
of labor market. Policy of employment and social support of
the unoccupied population. |
Tasks of bodies of legislative and executive
power: Development of systems of preparation and
retraining of labor. Improvement of structure, information
support, providing with the adapted rooms and the prepared shots of
jobcenters, increase of efficiency of registration, employment, social
support of the unemployed and support in labor market of refugees and
displaced persons, citizens with limited working capacity, is long the
unemployed, women, youth and teenagers and some other groups. |
Legislative and standard regulation,
financial, tax incentives of behavior of the enterprises, organizations, the
individual registered and unregistered entrepreneurs and households. |
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Ultimate goals |
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Satisfaction of professional and economic
interests of economically active population, including social protection and
providing a national economy with necessary shots. |
Achievement of the most full employment,
taking into account needs for partial working week, the sliding schedule of
the working day, etc. |
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Note –
Made by the author [2] |
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Follows from the above table 1,
state regulation of labor market consists of three levels: macrolevel, regional
level and microlevel.
The supreme bodies of legislative
and executive power at the macrolevel solve the following main objectives: [2]
First, this coordination financially
- credit, structural, investment, external economic the politician with system
is more whole than regulation of labor market. Questions of decision-making of
rather state orders and purchases of production can be an example: defensive,
infrastructure, ecological and social appointment, about the state investment
programs, grants, subventions, the credits and tax privileges directed on
maintenance and development of production in priority branches.
Secondly, coordination social,
demographic, migratory the politician with the purposes and priorities the
directions of regulation of labor market. Are among problems of this block:
minimization of outflow of qualified personnel abroad, restriction of
undesirable and illegal forms of immigration, assistance of employment of the
registered refugees and displaced persons, regulation of the income considered
in this context as the work price.
Thirdly, policy of employment and
social support of the unoccupied population. Problems of this block are among:
organizational development of Ministry of health and social development of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, including employment service and other structures.
At the regional level as subjects of
regulation bodies of legislative and executive power act. Regulation of labor
market is among the main priorities of regions. Within the competences and
opportunities of the budgets and off-budget funds they regulate the income,
transfer payments, a standard of living, level of the offer of labor in the
region. They also regulate demographic quality of the population (decrease in
incidence, traumatism, alcoholism and, eventually, mortality of able-bodied
population), migratory processes. Realize programs of housing, transport and
production construction, government procurements. Measures of support of
agriculture, individual, small business at the regional level are more
effective, than at the nation-wide level.
Problems of regional level include:
development of systems of preparation and retraining of labor (first of all its
unoccupied part), improvement of structure, information support, providing with
the adapted rooms and the prepared shots of jobcenters, increase of efficiency
of registration, employment, social support of the unemployed and support in
labor market of refugees and displaced persons, citizens with limited working
capacity, is long the unemployed, women, youth and teenagers and some other
groups. [2]
Microlevel of regulation of labor
market is characterized by legislative and standard regulation, financial, tax
incentives of behavior of the enterprises, organizations, the individual
registered and unregistered entrepreneurs and households. The general situation
with employment in the country and in the region and market competitiveness of
the enterprises in many respects depends on the successful decision the
enterprises of tasks concerning human resource management. After all on them
preservation old and creation of new workplaces is made. The main functions of
reproduction of labor are carried out in households. Agricultural and other
enterprise households are, in parallel, with the enterprises subjects of a
reconstruction of workplaces. Support of economic activity of households is
also among priorities of state regulation of labor market.
In the Republic of Kazakhstan the
main legal base for formation of social and economic model of employment in the
conditions of modern market economy is the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan
"About employment" of January 23, 2001 N 149 [2]. The Law of the
KAZSSR "About employment of the population" of December 15, 1990 [3]
and the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About employment of the
population" of December 30, 1998 [4], the new law is more flexible and is
closer to modern model of employment.
The state provides carrying out
policy which is capable to reach productive and free employment of citizens.
The state policy in the sphere of employment in the Republic of Kazakhstan is
given in the table 2.
Table 2. The state policy in the
sphere of the employment in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
|
The state policy in the sphere of the
employment in the Republic of Kazakhstan. |
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availability |
voluntariness |
equality |
publicity |
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Regulatory framework |
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Regulation of the labor relations - the Law
"About Work", "About Safety and Labor Protection" |
Social partnership - Laws: "About social
partnership", "About labor unions", etc. |
Minimum wage - the Law "About the
Republican Budget" employment |
Regulation - the Law "About Employment
of the Population" |
Insurance upon loss of work - the Law
"About Obligatory Social Insurance" |
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Institutes |
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Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
Central executive body |
Local executive bodies |
Authorized body |
Jobcenter of the population |
Private agency of the employment |
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Develops the main directions of a state
policy in the field of employment of the population and will organize their
implementation |
Performs management in the sphere of
employment of the population. Develops and approves the standard charter of
jobcenter of the population. |
Provide realization of policy of employment
of the population of the country. Organization of public works. Carries out other actions promoting
employment of the population. |
Provides assistance of employment of the population
and social protection from unemployment at the regional level. |
It is created by local executive body of the
area, the cities of regional and republican value, the capital, for
realization of active measures of assistance of employment. |
Closely interacting with government bodies,
employers concerning employment, creation of workplaces. |
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Note –
Made by the author on the basis of [2] |
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According to the above table follows
that with the competences Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan develops the
main directions of a state policy in the field of employment of the population
and will organize their implementation.
The central executive body
represents the government body performing management in the sphere of
employment of the population, and also interindustry coordination and the
methodical management of local executive bodies in the sphere of employment of
the population [2]. It realizes a state policy in the sphere of employment of
the population, distributes a quota of attraction of foreign labor for
implementation of work in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, between
areas, the cities of Astana and Almaty. Together with the interested bodies
defines need for training and their employment, forms uniform information base
of labor market.
The central executive body develops
the standard charter of jobcenter of the population and electronic services
with use of information systems are rendered.
Ways of realization of policy of
employment of the population of the country by local executive bodies are
presented: annual definition of the target groups living in the territory of
the corresponding administrative and territorial units, and social measures for
their protection, support of creation of additional workplaces through
development of individual business, small and medium business and rendering
social protection by the unemployed [2].
By local executive bodies it is
carried out as well the organization of public works including:
- deliveries of permissions to the
foreign worker to employment and to employers on attraction of foreign labor
for implementation of work in the territory of the corresponding administrative
and territorial unit within the quota distributed by the central executive
body, and also a suspension and a response of the specified permissions
- establishments of a quota of
workplaces for disabled people of three percent from the total number of
workplaces,
- creations of special workplaces
for employment of disabled people,
- organizations of social
workplaces,
- establishments of a quota of
workplaces for the faces consisting on the accounting of service of a probation
of criminal and executive inspection, and also the persons released from
imprisonment places
- establishments of a quota of
workplaces for minor graduates of the residential organizations,
- organizations of youth practice,
- formations of need for a manpower,
organizations of employment of the population and assistance in employment,
- rendering within competence of the
state services rendered in an electronic form according to the legislation of
the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The authorized body represents the
structural division of local executive bodies providing assistance of
employment of the population and social protection from unemployment at the
regional level. Belong to duties of authorized body: to inform the addressing
citizens and the unemployed on possibility of receiving work, and employers -
on possibility of providing with labor, to render assistance to citizens and
unemployed in a work choice, to give out the directions for employment and
training, to form a databank on labor market.
No later than five working days from
the date of the address of persons to register, register them, to render free
services to citizens and the unemployed in vocational guidance, to direct the
unemployed from their consent to public works, to direct the unemployed on
vocational training, retraining and professional development according to
requirements of labor market with the subsequent assistance of their employment,
to direct on vocational training, retraining, professional development
according to requirements of labor market occupied and the persons occupied
with care of children under seven years from among needy in case of their
address.
And also: to issue to the unemployed
the reference that he is registered as the unemployed, to analyze, predict
supply and demand of part of economically active population (labor) and to
inform the population, local and central executive bodies on a condition of
labor market, to realize within competence a state policy in the sphere of
employment of the population and the special events providing employment
assistance to target groups.
Thus the authorized body has the
right: to send citizens and the unemployed to employers in the presence at the
last to need for labor, to make offers on preparation and carrying out public
works in the organizations located in their territory to request from the
government bodies knowing questions of education, in the organizations of
education, training courses of various organizations which are carrying out
preparation, retraining and professional development of experts, data on
employment of graduates, information on professions (specialties) on which
training is conducted, quantity prepared and planned to training of specialists
by concrete professions (specialties) to render labor mediation in local
executive bodies.
You shouldn't forget and about
participation of employers in employment of the population and about private agency of employment. So, for
example, employers participate in realization of a state policy of employment
in the way:
- rendering assistance in employment
with observance of conditions of employment contracts and collective agreements
according to the labor legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
- developments of system of
vocational training and intra in-service training of the personnel,
- trainings through the
organizations of education realizing training programs of technical and
professional, postsecondary and higher education
- preservation and rational use of
personnel potential of skilled workers during structural changes,
- assistance in the organization and
carrying out public works,
- financings of public works at the
expense of own means,
- acceptances for work on vacancy of
the persons who addressed concerning employment according to the qualification
requirements established in the organizations
- insurance of workers according to
acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The employer is also obliged:
- to provide to authorized body in
full information on the forthcoming release of workers in connection with
elimination of the employer legal entity or the termination of activity of the
employer natural person, reduction of number or staff, quantity and categories
of workers which it can concern, with the indication of positions and
professions, specialties, qualification and the size of compensation of the
released workers and terms during which they will be released, not less than in
two months prior to release,
- to send to authorized body of data
on existence of free workplaces (vacancies) within three working days from the
date of their emergence,
- in due time (within five working
days from the date of the direction to it authorized body of citizens) to
inform on employment or refusal in employment with the indication of the reason
by the corresponding mark in the direction which is given out by authorized
body
- to carry out the established quota
of workplaces for disabled people, persons released from imprisonment places,
and minor graduates of the residential organizations
- to present to authorized body of
data on quantity had vocational training, retraining and intra in-service
training with the indication of the profession and qualification,
- do not to allow in information on
vacancies for employment of the requirement of discrimination character in the
sphere of work.
The private agency of employment
represents the natural or legal entity rendering assistance in employments. The
private agency of employment has the right for consultation of the addressed
persons concerning the labor legislation, to provide information on possibility
of employment and to render assistance in employment, to form data on the
employers and persons wishing to find a job, carry out selection of workers
taking into account their compliance to qualification requirements of the
employer, to carry out a set of workers for employment from one country in
another in the presence of international treaties, to organize vocational
training and retraining of the addressed persons with the subsequent
employment, to process allowing documents to export in case of employment of
persons abroad [2].
Thus the private agency of
employment is obliged: not to allow any forms of discrimination, to provide
confidentiality of information received from the addressed persons not to allow
operation of child labor, recruitment of people for sexual and (or) other
exploitation, to sign contracts with the addressed persons on rendering of
services on labor mediation. Private agencies of employment closely interact
with government bodies, employers concerning employment, creation of
workplaces. Attraction of foreign labor, and also export of labor from the
Republic of Kazakhstan abroad are carried out only on condition of a guarantee
of return of the worker after contract term to the country by introduction
addressed to the worker of a guarantee contribution to banks of the country of
employment. An order, conditions of introduction and the sizes of a guarantee
contribution to banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan are defined by the central
executive body.
As a rule, for protection of
domestic market of work by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan the
quota of attraction of foreign labor is established.
Norms on quoting of foreign labor
and delivery of permissions to the foreign worker to employment and employers
on attraction of foreign labor don't extend on foreigners and stateless
persons:
- working in regional financial
center of the city of Almaty at positions of heads and experts with
postsecondary and higher education with the supported documents in the order
established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- working in the autonomous
organizations of education, their organizations, and also in "Nazarbayev
Fond" at positions of heads and experts with the higher education,
- working in the legal entities of
the Republic of Kazakhstan who signed investment contracts for implementation
of the investment priority project according to the legislation of the Republic
of Kazakhstan on investments, and also working in the organizations attracted
by the specified legal entities (or their contractors) as a general contractor,
the contractor, the subcontractor or the performer of services in the sphere of
architectural, town-planning and construction activity (including prospecting
and design activity, engineering services), for a period of up to the
expiration of one year after input of object of investment activity in
operation as heads and experts with the higher education, and also as skilled
workers according to the list of the professions and number determined in
investment contracts for implementation of the investment priority project,
- the heads working at positions and
teachers with the higher education with the supported documents in the order
established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in higher
educational institutions which development is provided by documents of System
of state planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of industrial and
innovative development,
-the heads working at positions and
experts with the higher education in the organizations to which for
implementation of the industrial and innovative project by authorized body in
the field of the state support of industrial and innovative activity the
decision on granting an innovative grant on involvement of highly qualified
foreign specialists is made,
- the heads working at positions and
experts with the higher education at national institutes of development, the
related organizations,
- working in autonomous cluster fund
of the special economic zone "Park of Innovative Technologies" at
positions of heads and experts with the higher education,
- working in the organizations which
are carrying out activities for the organization and holding the international
specialized exhibition in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- the participants of the
international specialized exhibition who are participants or workers in the
territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The central executive body
distributes a quota in the limits and an order established by the Government of
the Republic of Kazakhstan on attraction of foreign labor for implementation of
work in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan between areas, the cities
of Astana and Almaty. Local executive bodies in the territory of the
corresponding administrative and territorial unit give out permissions to
employers on attraction of foreign labor and to foreign workers on employment,
except for the persons determined by the Government of the Republic of
Kazakhstan for implementation of work within the quota distributed by the
central executive body and also stop and withdraw the specified permissions.
The order of definition of a quota, a condition and an order of delivery of
permissions to employers to attraction of foreign labor and to foreign workers
are defined on employment by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Education level (vocational training) and experience (experience) of practical
work of the foreign labor attracted to implementation of work in the territory
of the Republic of Kazakhstan have to meet the qualification requirements
imposed to professions of workers and positions of heads, experts and employees
according to the qualification reference book of works and professions and the
qualification reference book of positions of employees.
The jobcenter of the population
carries out: selection and distribution of citizens of the Republic of
Kazakhstan and oralman on categories for participation in active measures of
assistance of employment, determination of their needs in social support
according to the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, rendering
adaptation services and psychological support of the citizens of the Republic
of Kazakhstan and oralman who are participants of active measures of assistance
of employment, the conclusion of social contracts with the citizens of the
Republic of Kazakhstan and an oralman who are participants of active measures
of assistance of employment, the organization of realization of active measures
of assistance of employment, granting other measures of the state support to
participants of active measures of assistance of employment.
If we will speak about the state
control and the reporting in the sphere of employment of the population, for an
objective assessment of situation with employment of the population, and also a
situation in labor market, its forecasting and regulation according to the
legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan departmental statistical observations
are made. Authorized bodies exchange on a grant basis with authorized body in
the field of the state statistics, bodies of state revenues, law-enforcement
bodies and other interested government bodies at the republican and regional
levels the reporting documentation and data necessary for each of the parties
for performance of the functions. Authorized bodies present primary statistical
data to the central executive body. The state control in the sphere of
employment of the population is exercised central and local executive bodies,
No. 377-IV which is carried out in the form of check and other forms according
to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About the state control and
supervision in the Republic of Kazakhstan" of January 6, 2011 (with
changes and additions as of 29.12.2014) [5].
Table 3 - The main indicators of
labor market in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2008-2015gg.
|
The main indicators of labor market in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2008-2015gg. |
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2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
Economically active
population, thousand people |
8415,0 |
8457,9 |
8610,7 |
8774,6 |
8981,9 |
9041,3 |
8962,0 |
9 023,8 |
|
Busy population, thousand people |
7857,2 |
7903,4 |
8114,2 |
8301,6 |
8507,1 |
8570,6 |
8510,1 |
8 575,3 |
|
Independently
busy, thousand people |
2657,8 |
2665 |
2704,7 |
2720,2 |
2693,5 |
2620,9 |
|
2 311,6 |
|
Jobless population, thousand people |
557,8 |
554,5 |
496,5 |
473,0 |
474,8 |
470,7 |
451,9 |
436,8 |
|
Unemployment rate, % |
6,6 |
6,6 |
5,8 |
5,4 |
5,3 |
5,2 |
5,0 |
4,9 |
|
Level of youth unemployment, % (at the age of
15-24 years) |
7,4 |
6,7 |
5,2 |
4,6 |
3,9 |
3,9 |
3,6 |
4,4 |
|
Level of youth unemployment, % (at the age of
15-28 years) |
8,2 |
8,5 |
6,6 |
6,3 |
5,4 |
5,5 |
4,0 |
4,5 |
|
Note – Made by the author
according to committee of statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan [6]. |
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Proceeding from data of table 3, we
see that during independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan there was a large
number of changes in the sphere of employment which result was dynamically
developing modern labor market. So, for example level of economic activity of
the population of the country grew from 68,6% in 1991 to 71.7% in 2015, the
number of economically active population increased from 7,7 million to 8,6
million people. Thanks to high-quality development of economy unemployment rate
decreased from 12,8% in 2000 to 5% in 2015. The number of the jobless
population in 2015 made 459,2, one thousand people that is twice less in
relation to 2000 [7]. Today the level and structure of employment is in direct
dependence on that economic situation which developed in the country as a result
of influence of world financial and economic crisis and the period of economic
stabilization. So, in 2014 one trillion tenge from National fund for support of
economic growth and employment in 2014-2015, with two tranches on 500 billion
tenge was allocated [7].
During
today's crisis period for protection of citizens against unemployment by the
state strategy which can be characterized conditionally as "strategy of a
survival" is actively used. Implementation of the Road map program
(creation of social workplaces, retraining and retraining of experts, the
organization of youth practice and so forth) became a basis of this strategy.
And also acceptance by the state of active measures for preservation of the
existing workplaces, replacement of foreign shots on Kazakhstan, increase in
the period of payment of a dole and the Employment-2020 program [8].
For
the purpose of overcoming of the crisis phenomena, activization of economic
activity, transition to industrial innovatively type of production, today a
condition of employment of the population demand from the state of development
of new type of strategy of employment, so-called "development
strategy". The current state of employment of the population in the
Republic of Kazakhstan is considered in the table 4.
Table
4. The current state of the employment of the population in the Republic of
Kazakhstan.
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The current state of the employment of the
population in the Republic of Kazakhstan. |
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1. Main problems: |
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1. Insufficient extent of development of
institutional legal support of employment that conducts to preservation of
the conflicts in labor market; |
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2. Prevalence of inefficient employment which
is expressed in high concentration of labor at the unprofitable enterprises,
big scales of underexploitation of working hours, low labor productivity,
decrease in total number of workers of a share busy in hi-tech and
knowledge-intensive kinds of activity; |
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3. Lack of effectively working market
mechanism of a manpower adequate to macroeconomic transformations; |
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4. Qualification loss by highly qualified
personnel due to the lack of real communication between the income and level
of professionalism of workers, their overflow in informal employment,
migrations abroad; |
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5. Increase of a gap between supply and
demand of the qualified labor; |
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6. Deterioration of qualitative
characteristics of the available workplaces and slow creation of the new; |
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7. Increase in traumatism and number of
occupational diseases because of growth of a share of workplaces with adverse
working conditions; |
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8. Aggravation of problems of employment of
separate social and demographic groups of the population: youth, disabled
people, women transferred to the reserve the military personnel, etc.; |
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9. Preservation on production of considerable
scales of the hidden unemployment, extension of the offer of labor in the
"shadow" sphere of employment; |
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10. Insufficiently flexible response to
changes of labor demand by system of vocational training; |
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11. Existence of spontaneous labor migration
of labor within the country; |
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12. Slow integration of immigrants - oralman
on the historical homeland; |
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13. A poor development of availability of
housing market that interferes with flexible movement and use of economically
active population; |
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14. Lack of possibility of the accelerated
retraining of the unemployed on the demanded specialties; |
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15. The direction of big streams of labor
migration from the states of the CIS (first of all, from Kyrgyzstan and
Uzbekistan) to Kazakhstan; |
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16. The considerable volume of illegal labor
migration and lack of mechanisms on return of the migrant workers who are
illegally in the territory of Kazakhstan to places of their continuous
accommodation; |
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17. Absence of the uniform automated
information base concerning employment of the population. |
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2. The recommended measures offered with the
solution of the problems of the
employment in the Republic of Kazakhstan: |
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Sphere |
Measures |
|
1. Improvement of institutional and legal
base |
Adoption of law of the employment which would
cover all its spheres is considered necessary, defined forms of participation
and a measure of responsibility for the solution of problems of employment of
all involved subjects of society. |
|
2. Carrying out work on identification of the
self-busy population |
Within informal economy of Kazakhstan to
compare with the international practice, including definition of the legal
and social and economic status self-occupied and their branch profile, and
also identification of full access of this category to services of social
security system. |
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3. Active measures for revival, development
and innovative updating of production in industrial and agrarian sectors, in
depressive regions, and also active development of small and average business |
By means of republican and local executive
bodies solution of the problem of self-employment of the population |
|
4. Creation of all conditions for effective
system of the account, reporting and control of employment of the population |
Overcoming of spontaneity in development of
labor market, coordination of decisions on regulation of labor market taking
into account a condition of the regional markets, a condition of social
infrastructure and first of all housing market. |
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5. Taking measures to prevention of illegal
labor migration |
Using of opportunities of a modulation of
labor and formation of a common market of work within the Customs Union and
the Euroasian Economic space. |
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6. Development and encouragement of
scientific researches |
On the most actual problems of employment of
the population, for the purpose of their introduction in practice within
creation of effective labor market and regulation of migration of labor. |
|
Note -
Made by the author |
|
In
our opinion, it is necessary to allocate the following modern and priority
directions of a state policy in the sphere of employment and labor market which
need to be introduced:
-
the equal choice of professional activity for all citizens of the Republic of
Kazakhstan including fair and favorable working conditions, social protection
from unemployment
-
granting universal workplaces, and, therefore, providing with productive
employment,
-
modern, effective, competitive education,
-
assistance in business and creative activity,
-
the organization of labor mediation through authorized body and private agency
of employment,
-
attraction of qualitative foreign labor,
-
mobility of the Kazakhstan workers for receiving the best practices,
-
creation of uniform information base of labor market which would include all
inquiries of searchers,
-
creation of the uniform center for providing experience for the beginning
experts.
The
practical solution of an actual problem of employment in the Republic of
Kazakhstan is carried out by means of the Employment-2020 program which
realization was begun in July, 2011. The road map of employment 2020 serves as
logical continuation of realization of road maps 2009 and 2010 and the program
of employment 2020. The
Employment — 2020 program consists of three key directions: the first direction
is "employment at the expense of development of infrastructure and housing
and communal services", the second - "stimulation of an enterprise
initiative and complex development of basic villages", the third -
"assistance in employment through training and resettlement within needs
of the employer".
Thanks
to the Employment 2020 program there will be an increase of employment and
reduction of unemployment, labor productivity, and also the income of people
will increase. In the near future country labor market, both by number of hired
workers, and on a wages fund, will grow 2-3 times quicker. Such is expert
opinion of leading experts of recruitment agencies of the Republic who note
relevance and efficiency of the program of employment-2020". Investigating
employment in the Republic of Kazakhstan, we see that all possible efforts from
the state for prevention of growth of unemployment and increase of an
employment rate are made.
During
realization of the tasks set in the Road map of employment 2020 achievement of
the following results by 2016 is planned:
-First,
the level of poverty won't exceed 6,0%.
-Secondly,
unemployment rate won't exceed 5,2%.
-Thirdly,
the share productively busy, in the total number of independently busy
population will increase to 64,5% [8].
Thus,
we consider that above-stated measures in total could provide with us increase
of efficiency of employment of the population, decrease in unemployment,
improvement of quality and competitiveness of labor, granting social guarantees
to citizens in the field of work, medical insurance, vocational training,
observance of some other social standards and standards.
The list of the used literature:
1.Hambar B. Problems of formation of
labor market of Kazakhstan at the present stage of its development.
"Institute of economic researches" of MEDT of RK, Astana.
2.The law of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "About employment of the population" of January 23, 2001
3.The Law of the KAZSSR "About
employment of the population" of December 15, 1990
4.The Law of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "About employment of the population" of December 30, 1998
5.The law of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "About the state control and supervision in the Republic of
Kazakhstan" of January 6, 2011
6.stat.gov.kz
7.Official site of Ministry of
health and social development of the Republic of Kazakhstan:
https://mzsr.gov.kz/node/327581
8.The program of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "The employment - 2020".