Экономические науки/5. Управление трудовыми ресурсами
К.т.н., доцент Сахарова
О.Н.
Таганрогский институт
управления и экономики, Россия
The
role of human resource in the formation of the new economy
Now the advanced world
powers are faced by a global problem of creation of world information society,
"focused on interests of the people, opened for all and the directed
development in which everyone could create information and knowledge to have to
them access, to use and exchange them to give to individuals, to communities
and the people opportunity fully to realize the potential, promoting a
sustainable development and increasing quality of the life on the basis of the
purposes and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and observing
in full volume and supporting the Universal declaration of human
rights"[1]. Formation of basic new society in which data become the main
resource, information, knowledge, is natural evolutionary process of the general
technical development of economy. Basis of economic development the hi-tech
companies and productions of real sector make the economy relying on
information and communication technologies.
The science and infrastructure of the scientific activity, allowing to
turn ideas and results into concrete achievements and innovations has defining
value.
Analyzing stages of
development of society according to the main comparative characteristics, we
receive that in information society information and knowledge, the main
production resource – information, and result of production – information,
knowledge, intellectual goods become the central variables. In this regard
knowledge becomes a source of a surplus value, workers of knowledge and
intellectual workers act as production force, and object of accumulation –
information and knowledge. Basic technologies in this case are the high
technologies based on knowledge [2].
As the main production
force of economy of new type are the workers of intellectual work who are
engaged in production of information and new knowledge, the separate task puts
formation of intellectual potential on the basis of a human resource.
Investigating a role of
a human resource, as main production force of economy of new type and human capital
as carrier of new knowledge, it is possible to allocate four main levels of
consideration [3]: nanolevel, microlevel, mesolevel, macrolevel.
On a nanolevel the
individual human capital, i.e. resources of the certain person involved in
reproduction process with the saved-up stock of specialized knowledge and
professional skills is considered.
Analyzing the human capital in the individual plan, health, cultural and
moral, labor level, intelligence and education, enterprise abilities of the
specific person become object of consideration. The personal cost of the worker increases depending on a phase of
his activity for the purpose of increase of efficiency of its work that as a
result leads to growth of its income and is motivating factor of investment in
development of own professional competences.
At microlevel the human
capital which has been saved up by the separate organization or the enterprise,
as alienated result of activity of a human resource in the form of the
substantiated knowledge, intangible assets, social, structural, organizational
and a brand capital, and also administrative and other intellectual
technologies, including the computer and information technologies increasing
competitiveness is estimated.
Mesolevel of the human
capital is considered as a contribution of group of scientists to development
of concrete branch of a national economy in the form of innovations and
scientific development, collective licenses, patents, branch organizational,
structural, social and a brand capital.
At macrolevel the
national human capital which represents first of all the manpower capable to
innovative activity, the intellectual capital and innovative technologies in
all spheres of a national economy is analyzed. Besides, the national human
capital includes: social capital of society, political capital, national
intellectual property, culture and mentality of the nation, capital, national
intellectual priorities, national competitive advantages and natural potential
of the nation [4].
Thus, the nanolevel of
an individual human resource represents the production force of new economy and
a basis of formation of the intellectual capital of the enterprise, branch, the
country. On the basis of acquired in the course of education and the subsequent
work of knowledge, skills of the individual possessing enterprise abilities,
the substantiated knowledge (innovations) alienated as a result of her activity
is formed.
The intellectual
potential of the certain worker develops on a nanolevel and includes set of his
knowledge, skills which can be involved in production of new products,
knowledge and technologies, and also set of the intellectual products created
by it or services which are its intellectual property and can be realized at
microlevel. At microlevel the intellectual potential of the separate enterprise
which covers mental abilities of his workers is formed and characterizes
possibility of development of this production structure [5].
The intellectual
potential of the separate enterprise can be, both is involved in production,
and isn't present. The intellectual potential involved in production is
transformed to the intellectual capital by transition to the intellectual
products developed by the worker, which row becomes a subject of intellectual
property. Set of knowledge and representations of workers, and also their
mental abilities which weren't involved in process of production of products,
knowledge and technologies, if necessary can be involved in production by
introduction and development of production and educational systems. Further
development of the mental abilities of workers involved in production in the
form of licenses, patents, and other alienated intangible assets leads to
formation of an innovative field of the enterprise which represents the
directed stream of innovations of the individual human capital. Set obtained by the staff of the enterprise
of licenses, the patents, the published scientific works, and also quantity
introduced and finished to level of a mass production of innovations at all
stages of production represents power or, speaking to physical language,
intensity of an innovative field. In
turn intensity of an innovative field of the enterprise defines, eventually,
its competitiveness and a contribution to further formation of a branch
innovative field.
Set of intellectual
potentials of the enterprises of separate branch forms mesolevel which includes
also branch research institutes, laboratories and the HIGHER EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONS conducting training of specialists of this branch. All
infrastructure of mesolevel represents the branch information field including
bank of knowledge, skills of groups of scientists and highly skilled workers.
Formation of an information field of branch allows to reduce considerably time
for development and deployment of innovations, and as a result high-quality
development of reproduction process.
The intellectual
potential of the country is formed at macrolevel and can be considered as set
of intellectual potentials of branches of a national economy on the basis of
certain managing subjects who are in turn formed at the expense of the realized
intellectual potentials of the workers promoting acceleration of technical
progress. On the basis of a contribution to development of a national economy of
innovative fields of mesolevel the national innovative field representing the
whole set of various branch structures of development, introduction of
innovations, formations of innovatively active human resource is formed. Here
it is possible to carry HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, branch research
institutes and design offices, science and technology parks, science cities,
special economic zones and other structures stimulating development of
innovations. Close cooperation and harmonious work of all elements of a
national innovative field promotes formation of economy of the new type which
main resource there are data, information and knowledge [6].
Basic element of an
innovative field at all levels is the person with his knowledge, professional
skills and abilities. Therefore, the potential of the specific person and set
of creatively capable people form a human resource as concrete enterprise,
branch, so whole and the countries. Being the main production force of economy
of new type, the human capital demands close attention from administrative
resources at each level. Worthy working conditions and lives, high salary are
one of the most important factors of personal self-development of innovatively
active human resource. Creation of system of encouragement at the level of the
enterprise stimulates activity of his employees in the sphere of development
and introduction of innovations. Effective policy of the state in the sphere of
innovative and information management, the flexible tax system and system of venture
investment allow to create a steady innovative field of the country which
includes a contribution, both the certain person, and researches and
development of groups of highly skilled workers of various spheres of a
national economy.
References:
1.
Декларация
принципов построения информационного общества – глобальная задача в новом
тысячелетии от 12 декабря 2003 года WSIS-03/GENEVA/DOC/4-R
2.
Попов
Е.В., Власов М.В. Институты Миниэкономики знаний. – М.: Academia, 2009. -288 с.
(Монографические исследования: экономика)
3.
Гвоздева
Е.С.,. Штерцер Т.А Человеческий капитал как фактор развития: России http://www.sibai.ru/content/view/603/720/
4.
Сахарова
О.Н. Человеческий ресурс как фактор формирования интеллектуального капитала
инновационного развития общества // Экономика социология и право, научный
журнал, №6, июнь 2011// Экономика, социология и право: новые вызовы и
перспективы: Материалы научно-практической конференции 27-28 июня 2011 г.:
Москва, 2011, 236 с, с.86-89.
5. Olga N.Sakharova Human resources is basic
production force of economic new type: 2nd International Scientific
Conference “Applied Sciences in Europe: tendencies of contemporary
development”: Papers of the 1st International Scientific Conference. June
22, 2013, Stuttgart, Germany. 168 p.p.145-147
6. Сахарова О.Н. Индекс
развития человеческого потенциала как индикатор инновационного развития страны:
Экономика глазами молодых: материалы VI Международного экономического форума
молодых ученых (Минск 21-23 июня, 2013 г.). – Минск: БГАТУ, 2013. -440с,
с.204-208