Agriculture/2. Mechanization of agriculture
Gorb S. S. Klasner, G. G.
Kuban state agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia
Removal of anti-nutritional substances soy beans by extrusion and
microwave processing.
Soy is a highly efficient crop. The soybeans are
significant in protein, essential amino acids and energy, capable of ensuring
high productivity of farm animals. However, not processed soy use in animal
feeding, absolutely can not, because the soybean contains anti-nutritional
substances that can adversely affect the health of the animal. Mostly, it's the
protease inhibitors and hemagglutinins, substances can cause allergic,
endocrine and rachitic disorder. to date, developed a variety of methods and
technological methods of destruction of anti-nutritive substances in feed
ingredients, and prepare them for rapid assimilation by the body of the
animal.[1,2,3,4,5]
Extrusion.
The analysis of world experience of soybean showed
that since the mid 80-ies on enterprises of low power spread method of
"dry extrusion". The main advantages of this method in comparison
with the most common in large enterprises and plants: cleaner production and
derived products, due to the exclusion of chemical reagents, easy and
waste-free production, maximum preservation of the valuable amino acid
composition of soy proteins [6.7].
In connection with absence of similar domestic equipment
for extrusion processing of soybeans, this process was studied in Calyptomena.
When processing the press-chamber, the soybeans are subjected to the combined
effects of pressure, temperature, and intense mechanical processing. In this
inactivated anti-nutritional agents (trypsin inhibitors, urease, etc.),
eliminated specific to the soy bean taste and smell. Due to the sudden pressure
drop at the exit of the press chamber, the unbound moisture is instantly
evaporated, treated in the mass swells, increasing its volume and porosity,
increases digestibility and nutritional value of the product. Depending on
process conditions and raw material quality, and allocates up to 60% contained
in the soybean seed soy protein.[8,9]
Negative aspects of this method include the
destruction of the grain structure, resulting in significantly reduced product
shelf life, ruined because the grain structure is quickly oxidized and becomes
unsuitable for feed preparation, and extraction from raw soy protein.
Microwave treatment and autoclaving.
In order to reduce power consumption and enhance
biological value of soy protein, a series of tests on the methods of processing
soy beans (autoclaving, microwave treatment and combined tests, which include
autoclaving and microwave treatment). During the research it was found that
autoclaving in the first place, destroyed the urease and trypsin inhibitor is
destroyed only 45%. Observations also showed that microwave treatment
contributes to the destruction of trypsin inhibitor, and the destruction of
urease is only 40%. It is known that the effect of a certain inactivating
factor (temperature, pressure, mechanical processing and etc.) selectively
aimed at the destruction of one or more anti-nutritional substances. In
particular, V. V. Klyuchkin and N. And. PiLoc found that trypsin inhibitor at
the negative test for urease is destroyed only by 55%. As studies have shown,
separately autoclaving and microwave treatment does not give the desired
result. It should also be noted that when the microwave treatment must be
soaked soybean seeds, as dry seeds will not be able to be processed in the
microwave field, because the electromagnetic energy is mainly absorbed at the
friction of particles of water among themselves. The process of soaking is additional
labour and material resources. In addition, after processing it will be
necessary to dry the grain for storage. For drying grain after processing
requires additional equipment and energy costs. Experimental studies have shown
that at microwave processing of soybeans on its surface stands out the fat that
points to the destruction of the structural integrity of the grain [10.11].
Literature:
1. Класнер Г.Г. Применение сои в кормах
сельскохозяйственных животных / Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное
научное периодическое издание по итогам международной. науч.-практ. конф.:
Новая наука: Проблемы и перспективы: ООО "Агентство международных
исследований" (Уфа), 2016. № 5-2 (79). С. 89-91.
2. Класнер Г.Г. Применение сои в кормах / Класнер
Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное научное периодическое издание по итогам
международной. науч.-практ. конф.: Новая наука: Проблемы и перспективы: ООО
"Агентство международных исследований" (Уфа), 2016. № 5-2 (79). С.
91-93.
3. Класнер Г.Г. Применение экструдированной сои в
животноводстве / Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное научное периодическое
издание по итогам международной. науч.-практ. конф.: Новая наука: Проблемы и
перспективы: ООО "Агентство международных исследований" (Уфа), 2016.
№ 5-2 (79). С. 93-94.
4. Класнер Г.Г. Соевое молоко в рационе кормления
сельскохозяйственных животных / Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное
научное периодическое издание по итогам международной. науч.-практ. конф.:
Новая наука: Проблемы и перспективы: ООО "Агентство международных
исследований" (Уфа), 2016. № 5-2 (79). С. 110-112.
5. Фролов В.Ю. Классификация способов инактивации
антипитательных веществ / Фролов В.Ю., Сысоев Д.П., Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // International Scientific and Practical Conference "World science". 2016. Т. 1. № 4 (8). С. 39-43.
6. Фролов В.Ю. Ресурсосберегающая, безотходная
технология глубокой переработки сои / Фролов В.Ю., Сысоев Д.П., Класнер Г.Г// В
сборнике: Актуальные вопросы ветеринарной и зоотехнической науки и практики –
2015. с. 344–350.
7. Frolov V.Yu. The evaluation of efficiency of using technologies for
preparation and distribution of fodder at small farms / Frolov V.Yu., Sysoev
D.P., Klasner G.G., Gorb S.S. // International Scientific and Practical
Conference "World science". 2016. Т. 1. № 5
(9). С. 68-71.
8. Класнер Г.Г. Аналитические аспекты
приготовления высокобелковых кормов /В.Ю. Фролов, Д.П. Сысоев // Научный журнал
КубГАУ [Электронный ресурс]. -Краснодар: КубГАУ, 2014. -№99(05). -Шифр
Информрегистра: IDA [article ID]: 0991405058. -Режим
доступа:http://ej.kubagro.ru/a/viewaut.asp?id=3699
9. Горб С.С. Soybeans in the feeding of pigs / Горб
С.С., Класнер Г.Г. / Уральский
научный вестник. 2016. Т. 8. № 2. С. 85-88.
10.
Фролов В.Ю. Измельчитель зерна сои в замоченном виде / Фролов В.Ю., Сысоев
Д.П., Горб С.С., Класнер Г.Г. // Эффективное животноводство. 2016. № 6 (127).
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11. Фролов В.Ю. Устройство для получения белковой
суспензии из зерна бобовых культур / Фролов В.Ю., Сысоев Д.П., Горб С.С.,
Класнер Г.Г. // Эффективное животноводство. 2016. № 6 (127). С. 26-27.