Agriculture/2. Mechanization of agriculture
Gorb S. S. Klasner, G. G.
Kuban state agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Russia
Removal of anti-nutritional substances in legumes
through sprouting and dispersion
Soy is a highly efficient crop. The soybeans are
significant in protein, essential amino acids and energy, capable of ensuring
high productivity of farm animals. However, not processed soy use in animal
feeding, absolutely can not, because the soybean contains anti-nutritional
substances that can adversely affect the health of the animal. Mostly, it's the
protease inhibitors and hemagglutinins, substances can cause allergic,
endocrine and rachitic disorder. to date, developed a variety of methods and
technological methods of destruction of anti-nutritive substances in feed
ingredients, and prepare them for rapid assimilation by the body of the
animal.[1,2,3,4,5]
Germination.
Studies have shown that the use of germinated soybean
seeds in diets of animals allows to increase the nutritional value of the feed
mixture and to reduce the content of anti-nutritive compounds in soybean seeds.
In addition, when the feeding of young farm animals with the aim of increasing
the digestibility of the product in the technology of preparing germinated
grain of soy necessary to include more operations or barotermicheskoi heat
treatment.
Method of germination of soybeans involves soaking
soybeans before germination in a period of 20-24 hours. During the process of
germination is to control and maintain the humidity using air conditioning and
irrigation. Germinated soybean sprouts to the length of 5-10 cm, then subjected
vegetableoil treatment at a temperature of 100 C for 30-40 minutes. The
duration of germination depends on the speed of germination and the desired
length of sprouts subject to accumulation in them of macro and microelements,
as well as the degree of reduction urease activity [6.7.8].
Therefore, the use of germinated soybean seeds with
its preliminary soaking with heat treatment increases the costs of labor,
energy and funds for the preparation of soybeans for feeding to farm animals,
which hinders wide application of this method for processing soybeans. This
method of grain processing is cyclical, which increases the processing time,
and significant time soaking makes it impossible to build a continuous
processing line processing soybeans using this method.
Dispersion.
Currently, inactivation of anti-nutritive compounds
used in the method of dispersing.
Rotary
chopper-dispergation-hydropercussion-cavitation-dissipative actions. Its
functioning is based on the use of the cavitation effect. The cavitator is
immersed in the liquid products are very finely milled – to the intracellular
level, making it impossible to achieve other known methods. As a result of
changes to the structure of matter. Processing of soy beans in REED-2 at a
temperature not higher than 70 С allows you to destroy anti-nutritional
substances, without causing denaturation of the protein and keeping the
vitamins, amino acids, lysine, increasing their availability in the animal
body. It should be noted that the authors note the improvement in processing
quality of soybeans with the use of REED-2, however, this statement is
questionable, as the results of the study of specific indicators for the
removal of anti-nutritive compounds in soy are not given, and numerous authors
have proved that the temperature of the treated soybeans should be 110-140
degrees [9.10.11].
The crushed grain can be kept long. Besides whole
grains of soybean after thermal processing of higher quality compared to
crushed. Heat treatment should be carried out for whole grains, that is suitable
for storage, and grinding to accomplish in the preparation of feed to be fed.
The disadvantages of this method are the design complexity, low reliability,
high energy consumption for preparation of grain, impossibility to keep long
time crushed grain, expensive additional equipment.
Literature:
1. Класнер Г.Г. Применение сои в кормах
сельскохозяйственных животных / Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное
научное периодическое издание по итогам международной. науч.-практ. конф.:
Новая наука: Проблемы и перспективы: ООО "Агентство международных
исследований" (Уфа), 2016. № 5-2 (79). С. 89-91.
2. Класнер Г.Г. Применение сои в кормах / Класнер
Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное научное периодическое издание по итогам
международной. науч.-практ. конф.: Новая наука: Проблемы и перспективы: ООО
"Агентство международных исследований" (Уфа), 2016. № 5-2 (79). С.
91-93.
3. Класнер Г.Г. Применение экструдированной сои в
животноводстве / Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное научное периодическое
издание по итогам международной. науч.-практ. конф.: Новая наука: Проблемы и
перспективы: ООО "Агентство международных исследований" (Уфа), 2016.
№ 5-2 (79). С. 93-94.
4. Класнер Г.Г. Соевое молоко в рационе кормления
сельскохозяйственных животных / Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // Международное
научное периодическое издание по итогам международной. науч.-практ. конф.:
Новая наука: Проблемы и перспективы: ООО "Агентство международных
исследований" (Уфа), 2016. № 5-2 (79). С. 110-112.
5. Фролов В.Ю. Классификация способов инактивации
антипитательных веществ / Фролов В.Ю., Сысоев Д.П., Класнер Г.Г., Горб С.С. // International Scientific and Practical Conference "World science". 2016. Т. 1. № 4 (8). С. 39-43.
6. Фролов В.Ю. Ресурсосберегающая, безотходная
технология глубокой переработки сои / Фролов В.Ю., Сысоев Д.П., Класнер Г.Г// В
сборнике: Актуальные вопросы ветеринарной и зоотехнической науки и практики –
2015. с. 344–350.
7. Frolov V.Yu. The evaluation of efficiency of using technologies for
preparation and distribution of fodder at small farms / Frolov V.Yu., Sysoev
D.P., Klasner G.G., Gorb S.S. // International Scientific and Practical
Conference "World science". 2016. Т. 1. № 5
(9). С. 68-71.
8. Класнер Г.Г. Аналитические аспекты
приготовления высокобелковых кормов /В.Ю. Фролов, Д.П. Сысоев // Научный журнал
КубГАУ [Электронный ресурс]. -Краснодар: КубГАУ, 2014. -№99(05). -Шифр
Информрегистра: IDA [article ID]: 0991405058. -Режим
доступа:http://ej.kubagro.ru/a/viewaut.asp?id=3699
9. Горб С.С. Soybeans in the feeding of pigs / Горб
С.С., Класнер Г.Г. / Уральский
научный вестник. 2016. Т. 8. № 2. С. 85-88.
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Фролов В.Ю. Измельчитель зерна сои в замоченном виде / Фролов В.Ю., Сысоев
Д.П., Горб С.С., Класнер Г.Г. // Эффективное животноводство. 2016. № 6 (127).
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