УДК 636.084.523

Мikolaychik I.N., Моrozova L.А., Аbileva G.U., Lushnikov N.А.

Kurgan State Agricultural Academy by T.S. Maltsev, Russia

EFFICACY OF BIOLOGICS IN DAIRY CATTLE FARMING

 

Modern dairy farming industries are seeking to improve their methodologies by implementing innovative dietary supplements that would optimize the digestive and metabolic processes of cattle and ultimately increase the nutritional value of the feed, thereby facilitating a more efficient assimilation of the nutrients within the feed. As a result, many scientific principles related to the composition and functions of the microflora in animals, have undergone significant revision. Accumulated scientific knowledge now allows viewing the microflora of the digestive tract as an essential ecosystem that is necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis in the body of an animal [1-4]. In this regard, a promising direction for improving the feeding system of highly productive cows is the implementation of microbiological supplements with probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic functions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a probiotic supplement "Lactur", a prebiotic supplement "Acid Lac", and their integrated use on the physiological state and lactation productivity of black-motley cows during pregnancy.

This investigation was conducted under the conditions of JSC "Glinka". Cows were selected and sorted into groups according to the principle of analogues with regard to their origin, age and live weight, level of productivity and the planned insemination date.

Feeding and living conditions were kept constant, for the exception of the variable under investigation. Cow feeding rations were normalized by taking into account the chemical composition and nutritional value of the feed [5]. Three weeks prior to calving, 2.0 kg/t of probiotic supplement "Lactor" was added to the basic diet of the cows in the 1st experimental group, 3.0 kg/t of prebiotic supplement “Acid Lac” was added to the basic diet of the cows in the 2nd experimental group, and lastly 2.0 kg/t "Lactor" and 3.0 kg/t of “Acid Lac” was added to the basic diet of the cows in the 3rd experimental group. These additives were introduced to the feed via the step mixing method.

After the introduction of the dietary supplements, it was determined that the morphological and biochemical indicators of cow blood were within the physiological norms. It should be noted that a higher concentration of erythrocytes was observed in the blood of cows belonging to the 3rd experimental group – 7.31∙1012 1/l, which is 8.78 % (P<0.05) higher than the minimum concentration found in the control group of animals. Likewise, blood hemoglobin concentration was also significantly higher in cows of the 3rd experimental group – 10.61 % (P<0.05) higher than that of the control group and 3.21 and 6.13 % higher than that of the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. Variation of leukocyte concentration between the groups was less dramatic, but was also within the physiological norm. In the 3rd group, leukocyte concentration was 6.53 and 1.36 % higher than concentrations observed in the control group and 1st group, respectively, and 3.58 % higher than that of the 2nd group. Alkali reserve in the blood serum of cows in the control group was 4.93 % higher that that of the 1st group, and 1.78 and 3.18 % higher than that of the 2nd and 3rd test groups, respectively. Total average protein concentration in the blood serum of animals belonging to the three experimental groups was determined to be 78,41 g/l, which was 3,73 % higher than that of the control group.

This investigation also gave insight into the fact that the albumin fractions were higher in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. It was determined that the albumin fraction in the blood serum of cows in the 3rd group was 5.02 % (P<0.05) higher as compared to that of the control group and 2.24 and 3.39 % higher as compared to that of the 1st and 3rd groups, respectively. The globulin fraction in cows of the control group was determined to be 59.27 %, which is 2.78, 1.63 and 5.02 % (P<0.05) higher than that those of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups, respectively. The protein ratio for the 3rd group was 23.19 % higher than that of the control group, 10.38 % higher and 14.86 % higher than those of the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively.

After having completed the main investigation and after calving, milk quality of the animals was monitored on a monthly basis (table 1).

Таble 1 – Milk productivity of animals subject to investigation, ()

Indicator

Goup

control

1st experimental

2nd experimental

3rd experimental

Milk yield in 100 days (kg)

 

 

 

 

Natural fat content

3460,8

±101,73

3685,1

±75,34

3625,2

±135,47

3756,1

±96,83*

4 % fat content

3482,8

±97,71

3745,3

±79,52*

3645,9

±123,75

3829,7

±96,12*

Fat mass fraction, %

4,02±0,03

4,11±0,04

4,04±0,03

4,13±0,04*

Protein mass fraction, %

3,20±0,04

3,19±0,03

3,18±0,04

3,21±0,05

Dairy Fat, кг

139,13±3,88

151,45±3,44*

146,45±4,67

155,12±3,93*

Dairy Protein, кг

110,75±2,49

117,55±2,98

115,28±3,88

120,57±3,50*

* - (P<0.05)

It should be noted that for the first 100 days of lactation, cows from the 3rd experimental group produced 295.3 kg (8,53 %) (P<0.05) more milk with a natural fat content in comparison to the control group, 71.0 kg (1,93 %) more in comparison to the 1st experimental group, and 130.9 kg (3,61 %) more in comparison to the 2nd group. In terms of 4 % fat milk production, the 3rd experimental group also had a higher milk yield. They out-produced the control group by 346.9 kg (a 9.96 %) (P<0.05), and groups 1 and 2 by 84.4–183.8 kg or 2.25–5.04 %, respectively.

The highest fat content of 4.13 % was observed in the milk of cows of the 3rd experimental group, which is 0.11 % (P<0.05), 0.02 and 0.09 % higher in comparison to fat content of the milk produced by the control, 1st, and 2nd groups, respectively. The quantity of milk protein in animals of the 3rd group was determined to be 9.82 kg (8,86 %) (P<0.05) higher than that of the control group.

It was determined that the highest milk yield in 100 days of lactation was observed in cows of the 3rd experimental group and amounted to a total of 3756.1 kg, which is 295.3 kg (8,53 %) more than the control group, 71.0 kg (1.93 %) and 130,9 kg (3.61 %) more that the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. The total experiment cost for caring for the 3rd experimental group added up to 66220,04 rubles, which is 3025,83 rubles, or 4,79 % more expensive as compared to the caring costs of the control group. Cost for 100 kg of milk was the lowest for the 3rd experimental group and amounted to 17.63 rubles, which is 3.57 % less in comparison to the control and 0.45 and 2.44 % less in comparison to the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. However, the level of profitability was greater for the 3rd experimental group as compared to the control group by 9.31 %, while in comparison to the 1st and 3rd groups it was greater by 4.33 and was 6.77 %, respectively.

Introduction of 2 kg/t probiotic supplement "Lactor" and 3 kg/t prebiotic supplement “Acid Lac” to the diets of cows three weeks prior to calving enhanced their metabolic processes. In comparison with the control group, the erythrocyte concentration of the cows in the 3rd group increased by 8.78 % (P<0.05), hemoglobin content increased by 10.61 % (P<0.05), total protein content increased by 3.73 %, albumin fraction increased by 5.02 % (P<0.05), all of which contributed to an increase in production of milk with a natural fat content after calving by 8.53 % (P<0.05), as well as reducing the cost of milk by 3.57% and increasing its profitability by 9.31 %.

Bibliography

1.     Влияние пробиотической добавки «Лактур» на активность энергетического и азотистого обмена в организме телят / Л.А. Морозова, И.Н. Миколайчик, О.В. Подоплелова, Г.К. Дускаев, Г.И. Левахин // Уральский научный вестник. – 2016. – Т. 6. – С. 15-20.

2.     Дускаев Г.К, Дустанов Х.А. Поступление и характер использования азота и энергии рациона при скармливании целловиридина Г20х // Вестник мясного скотоводства. – 2005. – Т. 2. – С. 33-37.

3.     Миколайчик И.Н., Морозова Л.А. Рациональное использование кормов и добавок в молочном скотоводстве. – Куртамыш: ГУП «Куртамышская типография», 2009. – 234 с.

4.     Башаров А.А., Хазиахметов Ф.С. Использование пробиотиков серии «Витафорт» при выращивании телят молочного периода//Вестник Башкирского государственного аграрного университета. - 2010.- № 1. - С. 23-25.

5.     Нормы и рационы кормления сельскохозяйственных животных / Под ред. А.П. Калашникова, И.В. Фисинина, В.В. Щеглова, Н.И. Клейменова. – М.: Россельхозакадемия, 2003. – 456 с.