THE CLUSTER
APPROACH AS A PRIORITY
OF INDUSTRIAL-INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF
REGION
Kudabayeva L.A.
Taraz State University named
after M.H.Dulati, Taraz
The formation of
a competitive national economy development is impossible without the use of all
available mechanisms accelerating the reform and improvement of the internal
market institutions. The new National Innovation System management of economic
development in the condition of a region, we are provided as a system of
interconnected regional entities implementing territorial development strategy
and the country as a whole. This approach requires the development of the
strategy of cross-sectoral integration concept based on a coordinated program
of action of the state, non-state subjects of economic and social institutions.
The
process of regional concentration
of the different sectors of the
economy in a compact area is in
contact with the entire existing
structure of the regional economy. The transition
on the National innovation system
of management that capable of generating flexible control technology,
on goods and services requires the acceleration of the development
of organizational capacity of public
and market institutions. The solution of
this important problem is
necessary, not only at the macro
- micro and
meso-level.
The priority
areas in the formation of a new economic structure of the region should be an
integrated education, ensuring competitiveness and growth of the added value.
In this regard, we are given, the necessity to form, but rather the revival and
development of scientific and technical potential of the region by attracting
researchers, specialists and scientists to a joint partnership as part of
integrated units.
To improve the
competitiveness of the region on the basis of cluster approach requires the
development of innovative strategy of region development, i.e. defining the
role and place of an existing or projected cluster in the regional innovation
system.
At the present
stage of development of the Kazakh economy, when there is a task of forming a competitive economy that
provides sustainable economic growth, the most favorable social climate, it is
necessary to form a cross-sectoral entities, using the method of cluster
analysis. The experience of developed countries shows that the cluster approach
as a method of developing the competitiveness of the country (region,
production) is a method of assessing the level of concentration and processing
chain of interrelated industries and services around a single economic core
within a compact area.
Enterprises,
organizations gain by having the opportunity to share positive experience and
reduce expenditure, jointly using the same services and suppliers. The
innovation cluster, being the most effective way to achieve a high level of
competitiveness is an association of manufacturers and suppliers of engineering
and consulting firms, research organizations and banks, infrastructure,
regional administrations.
The production
structure of the cluster is always more profitable than the industry so as the
in-house communication is closer here. The cluster generates the effect of a
production scale, which is based on the presence of innovation cluster core in
the face of a company for the production of a particular kind of product or
service.
An advantage of
the cluster is the effect of coverage arising in the existence of a production
factor, which can be used both for the production of several types of products.
Cluster
production structure synthesizes the effects of synergies arising on the basis
of universal standardization of products. Therefore, all cluster members
receive additional competitive advantages under the influence of cumulative
effect of economies of scale, scope and synergies. The mechanism of their
exposure is the following: unprofitable enterprises of cluster can overcome the
lower limit of profitability with the help of expertise, providing higher
productivity and lower production costs.
The innovative
structure of the cluster helps to reduce the total expenditure on the research
and development of innovations at the expense of increasing the effect of the
production structure that allows participants of cluster consistently realize
the innovative activity in the long
term. [1]
Today, in the
economy of Kazakhstan of its regions, in the individual companies it is
necessary to find effective solutions that ensure greater productivity. One of
the priority tasks of the regional innovation strategy is to ensure effective resource-saving production (lean production), and sustainable
thinking (lean thinking). [2] Both of these paradigms have shown its
effectiveness in the advanced countries of Southeast Asia, and later won the
North America and Europe.
International
experience provides examples
of improving the competitiveness of territories and industrial complexes through the implementation of a cluster-oriented
regional policy. [3] There are clusters of
small and medium business (manufacture
of furniture, shoes, food), in the innovation sector (biotechnology, telecommunications), in a large industrial manufacturing (automotive), in the field of motorsport.
The presence of a
cluster of industries accelerates the creation of factors where there is a
group of domestic competitors. All companies of the cluster of related
industries make investments in specialized, but related technology, in
information, infrastructure, human resources, leading to a massive emergence of
new companies. Clusters are the reasons for major investment and attention of
the government, i.e., cluster becomes something more than the sum of its parts.
In the process of cluster development the economic resources began to flow to
it from the isolated sectors that cannot use them efficiently.
Thus, the national
competitiveness largely depends on the level of individual clusters
development. This fact is important for government policies and company
strategies. Competitiveness extends up the processing chain. The cluster
enterprises force to raise the quality of semi-finished goods delivered by
them, thus forcing their suppliers also to improve the competitiveness.
In other words,
the participation in the cluster for enterprises is profitable to use the
experience, skills and technologies among the partners and it is one of the
main factors causing the position of the cluster.
References
1. Karpova, D.P.
Using the cluster approach in the management of the regional economy
/ D.P.Karpova //
Regional economy and management: electronic scientific journal 2007. - № 4.
2. Khasaev G.R., Mikheev Yu.V., Clusters
- through the partnership to the future.
3. Koloshin A.,
Razgulyaev K., Timofeeva
Yu., Rusinov V. The analysis of foreign experience of increasing sectoral,
regional and national competitiveness on the basis of
cluster development. \\ "Politanaliz.Ru",
January 16, 2009.