Law/1. History of State and Law

Candidate of law Prikhodko M.A.

Moscow State University of Law behalf of O.E. Kutafin, Russia

Ministry of naval forces and the state system

of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the XIX century

(Historical and legal aspects)

The manifesto "On the establishment of the ministries" on September 8, 1802 did not bring significant changes to the overall structure of the central management of the sea. Its main practical value expressed in the establishment of the post of the new naval chief - minister of naval forces.

Manifesto September 8, 1802 in its management passed the Admiralty Board, "with all the places and things in its power."

Initial changes in the structure of the Ministry of the military naval forces expressed in the establishment of four new divisions.

October 13, 1802 the Minister military naval forces created by the Military Office of the fleet, led by the Chief.

November 11, 1802 to create the main expedition under the control of the Admiralty Board to implement the material and financial control activities of the agencies of the Ministry of naval forces.

February 26, 1803 formed the Inspection expedition of the Admiralty Board.

May 5, 1803 was approved by the State Department of the Secretary of the Navy - the main executive body of the minister of naval forces in the early years of the Ministry of naval forces.

In 1804, with the Admiralty Board was established by the General Court, as the highest naval judicial authority and for the purpose of separation of naval vessels from the system of military courts of the land.

Only the April 4, 1805 Emperor Alexander I approved the report "On the transformation of the Marine Department," which in fact determines the total, the primary organization of the Ministry of naval forces.

The main conclusion of the report was the recognition of the need for the existence of maritime administration of the Admiralty Board - "The existence of a consultative assembly, what is the Admiralty Board, is useful and necessary."

Furthermore, the Committee recognizes the need for ongoing activities of the Ministry of Naval Forces seek once again to the "Regulations on the management of the Admiralty Board" Emperor Peter the Great.

Admiralty Board is divided into five missions: economic, executive, artillery, Treasury and Accounting.

Admiralty department shall administer scientific and construction parts, ie, management of the Sea Cadet Corps, all the navigation schools, libraries, observatories and other institutions and all Admiralty buildings belonging to the naval administration.

For the production of cases in the Admiralty Office Department was formed. Thus, the Admiralty Board was supposed to be a consultative meeting on the naval side, and the Admiralty department - a consultative meeting on the scientific side.

Thus, the Ministry of the military naval forces mounted a mixed ministerial-collegial management procedures. Which along with the subordination of units and clearly defined range of institutions had direct contact with the Minister - Admiralty Board, Admiralty Department, chief commander of the port, as well as managing expeditions on specific issues and inspectors offshore teams still play a significant role Admiralty Board, as the main authority under the supervision of the Minister for the management of fleet operations and economic issues.

Legislation final period ministerial reform - manifesto "On the division of public affairs to special control with the aforesaid objects on every office belonging" of 25 July 1810, "Imperial approval separation of public affairs for the Ministry" on August 17, 1810 and "Total institution ministries" on June 25, 1811; They had no significant effect on the Ministry of naval forces.

Thus, the organizational structure of the Ministry of Naval Forces entered April 4, 1805 remains intact "Common institutions of the Ministry" and the existence of mixed-ministerial collegial management order in the Ministry of Naval Forces continued.

Literature:

1. Superior and Central State Institutions Rossii.1801-1917. Volume 4. St. Petersburg, 2004.

2. The state of Russia. Dictionary Directory. Books 1, 3. Moscow, 1996-2001.

3. Ogorodnikov S.F. Historical overview of the development and activities of the Ministry of Marine for a hundred years of its existence (1802-1902). St. Petersburg, 1902.