Naumova A.A.
postgraduate student of
engineering INRTU, Russia
Engineering and technical appraisal
of buildings and structures
Technical
inspection of buildings and structures to determine the current technical
condition of the building and supporting structures, identify any damage,
deformation, cracks, find the cause, to determine the damaged buildings,
establish the possibility of further operation and determine the appropriate
set of measures to ensure the safe operation of the building.
Technical
inspection of the building is necessary to determine the life, physical
deterioration of the building as a whole, constructions, engineering systems
and the possibility of safe operation of buildings and structures; If next to
the building under construction (monitoring using beacons and geodetic marks),
inspection of buildings in the 30-meter zone of influence of construction; to
determine the carrying capacity of individual structures; determining the
causes of strain ceilings, walls, columns; the definition of accidents
buildings and structures; determining the need for current and overhaul
(revealing obvious and hidden defects, deformation and structural damage);
survey of the building after the accident, flooding and fire to determine the
possibility of further exploitation; determining the causes of accidents;
before the transaction of sale to determine the actual technical condition;
determining the real value of the building or structure; the resumption of
construction in progress (to clarify the technical condition of the unfinished
object and determine the feasibility of building); under full or partial loss
of technical documentation.
Technical
inspection of buildings, structures and building structures is carried out by
means of a set of measures, which includes both visual and instrumental
research methods require highly skilled specialists and use special diagnostic
and measuring equipment. Based on the analysis of data obtained with the
technical examination of the object, as well as engineering calculations
carried out based on the actual strength of materials, stress, etc. prepared a
written opinion (report) about the current technical condition of the building,
carrying capacity and the available deformation structures, performance
structures with issuing recommendations on measures aimed at increasing the
service life of building structures of the building.
Stages
of the engineering survey of buildings and structures:
1.
Preparation of the technical project.
2.
Conclusion of the contract for the technical inspection of the building.
3.
Study the available technical documentation, raw data (the construction,
service life, the results of previous surveys, etc.).
4.
Preliminary inspection of buildings, structures. Conduct a general inspection
of the building, a survey of the current state of the structures of the
building to determine the composition and amount of work required for a
detailed examination.
5.
A detailed inspection of buildings and structures: a visual inspection of
building structures with photofixing identified defects and damage, as well as
places where the autopsy carried out; measuring work; instrumental studies
(measurement of deflection, settling of foundations, etc.); Laboratory analysis
of samples;
6.
Processing of data obtained during the examination and verification calculation
of the basic elements of the building with the definition of the actual bearing
capacity.
7.
Making conclusions of the expert (specialist).
8.
Transfer of the customer to sign the act Handover.
The
conclusion of the expert on the results of technical examination of the
building contains: a description of the object of study, its parts, individual
design solutions; statement of work; used list of normative and technical
documentation and literature; photographic images of the structural elements
identified defects; the results of the engineering technical inspection of
building structures (foundations, walls, floors, etc.) with explanations; the
results of laboratory tests; graphical part, including dimensioned drawings;
calculation part; detailed conclusion about the possibility of further
operation, the possibility and feasibility of reconstruction, redevelopment,
etc, recommendations for activities to be carried out subsequently. Answers to
the questions raised in the specifications; The application documents submitted
by the customer; Application documents expert.
The
conclusion of the expert is an official document that is legally binding, it
could be used in court as documentary evidence. Based on the conclusions of a
survey carried out of the building can be sued for unscrupulous contractors who
violate legal and technical requirements in the construction and force them to
carry out reconstruction and complete overhaul of the building.
Literature
1. Poryvai GA, Technical
operation of buildings. 1990;
2. GOST 31937-2011
Buildings and structures. Rules of inspection and condition monitoring;
3. Organization and
carrying out inspection of the technical condition of constructions and
structures, A.S. Morozov, V.V. Remneva, G.P. Tonkih 2001.