Право / 1.История государства и права
Doctor of Law Shchyrba M. Yu.
Eastern National
University named after Lesya Ukrainka, Ukraine
The young generation is the future
of the state, society and humanity. Youth health is a value category for the
following reasons: this age category is the most productive human resource, has
the highest level of work capacity and age potential; young people are in the
reproductive age, i.e. from their health depends life, health, and in the broad
sense the existence of future generations; this generation faces the greatest
challenges that are associated with the current crises of the globalized space
and the environment, and the new challenges that mankind is only beginning to
face.
In general, the health of the entire
Ukrainian population is in an abandoned status. The problem is also progressing
among young people. Based on official data and statistics results the situation
in our country is critical.
At the level of the Ministry of
Education recognize that almost 90 percent of children, pupils and students have
deviations in health, over 50% have poor physical training, with low and lower
than average physical health of 61% of young people aged 16-19 years, 67.2% at
the age of 20-29 years. Only during the last five years, the number of students
and young people who have been assigned to a special medical group for health
has increased by 41% [1]. Undoubtedly, the problems of the environment,
urbanization, and information space – these are the risks to the health of
children and young people all over the world. However, the shortcomings in the
field of the provision of patients' rights, including preventive measures,
complicate the situation in our state. For example, the mortality rate for
children under 5 in Ukraine at the beginning of 2015 was 9 per 1,000, while in
France - 4, Poland - 5, Belarus - 5 [2].
What caused it? The reason for the
deterioration of the health of young people is complex. This is primarily due
to the lack of effective prophylactic measures in the area of health care for
children and young people. Within this research, we will focus on the main
issues.
Ineffective legal policy against
threatening social factors. The state must pursue an active, we point out even
"aggressive" policy to prevent harmful habits among young people. This
age group is negatively influenced by external social factors, destructive
manifestations of subculture, etc., and is less resistant to them. The problem
is that the acquired negative habits in young age are usually preserved
throughout life. First of all, it refers to smoking, alcoholism and drug
addiction. Statistical data force the entire civil community to be actively
alarmed as they directly point to the problem of destruction of the Ukrainian
nation. Thus, among the respondents from the age of 15-16, 25% drank alcohol
before the age of 13, and among those who aged 11-12 years 40% have tried
alcohol. At least once in a lifetime 20% of sixth graders (!) were drunk.
20-25% of boys of different ages and from different establishments first smoked
at 11 years or earlier, and among girls 25-40% first smoked at 14-15 years.
Drugs used 8-26% among 13-16 year pupils and students. [3] The above said
provides an opportunity to argue not only about the lack of effective
preventive measures, but also gaps in youth legal policy in general.
There’re gaps in the field of sports
promotion, physical activity, tourism. Globalized society changes the lifestyle
of people. Information resources and the latest communicative technologies,
besides many positive factors, cause a number of problematic aspects. Primarily
a computer, game addiction of children and youth. Sociological surveys carried
out at the state level testify the following. Children practice physical
activity only for half an hour or an hour per week. 75% of children spend
watching TV on a daily basis on weekdays 1-4 hours, and 65-90% of children spend
at the computer for 0.5-3 hours [3].
Prophylactic measures of disability
among children. Legal policy in the field of family planning, monitoring and
analysis of genetic diseases, activation of medical measures for the prevention
of birth defects and newborns’ defects, organization of medical and social
patronage service in families with high social risk, will allow at the level of
preventive mechanism to prevent complications of children health status. In
particular, it is necessary to intensify the state policy on the right to a
general education for children with disabilities. State monitoring of education
for children with disabilities showed the following results: out of 151
thousand children with disabilities 55 thousand are on individual education, 39
thousand in special secondary schools and NRCs, 10 thousand - not covered by
education, 8 thousand children study in inclusive and special classes [4]. The
transition to inclusive education is not only a solution of a problem in this
area. It is also the effectiveness of preventive health improvement measures
for children with special needs Thus, with the help of studying with healthy
peers, a child with problems undergoes adaptation, socialization and receives
communication experience. In this way, the psychological state of the person
improves; he/she gets an opportunity for education and employment in the
future. Therefore, the transition from a medical to a social model of legal
policy in the field of disability - is the prerogative and requirement of the
current legal status of this category of persons.
So we see the following measures to improve
the right to prophylactic measures of healthy lifestyle among children and
youth: systematic monitoring of the health and lifestyle of this group of
people; activization of promotion of a healthy way of life, culture of life,
physical activity and popularization of sport and tourist activity among youth;
legal, organizational, financial and economic stimulation of functioning of
children's and youth movements, groups, organizations, interest of young people
in a healthy way of life, cultural and educational activities; preventive
systematic reviews of health status among children and adolescents in
educational institutions; educational and licensing measures that will
encourage young people to bear responsibility for their health; counteracting
the spread of health-hazard risks among the group under study, comprehensive
activities of law enforcement, educational and medical institutions;
counteracting environmental degradation.
References:
1.
Про стан та перспективи
розвитку фізичної культури і спорту у вищих навчальних закладах освіти України:
Рішення колегії М-ва освіти України від 28.06.1995 р. № 7/6-3 // Інформ. зб.
М-ва освіти України. - 1995. - №20. - С. 3-9.
2.
Eurostat. Infant mortality rate. Per 1000 live births ttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00027&plugin=1
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT
3.
Міністерство охорони
здоров’я. Офіційний веб-сайт. Стан здоров'я дітей в
Україні http://www.moz.gov.ua/ua/portal/pre_20100706_0.html
4.
Моніторингове дослідження
функціонування системи інтернат них закладів та закладів соціального захисту
дітей (закладів інституційного догляду) // http://www.president.gov.ua/
storage/j-files-storage/00/19/29/17d0ed24dde1279b11273ebe4f05d0ed_1455184778.pdf