UDC 379.85

THE PROBLEM OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN KAZAKHSTAN

Baizhanova Sh.B., Seydualieva G.D., Asanhodzhaeva I.F.

SKSU. M.Auezov

Түйін

Экологиялық туризм - табиғатты және мәдениетті құндылықтарын сақтаудың тиімдік құрамы. Бұл мақалада аймақтық ресурстардың экотуризм дамуы және пайдалануының мәселелері қаралған.

Резюме

Экологический туризм является эффективным инструментом для сохранения природных и культурных ценностей. В этой статье рассматривается цели развития эко – туристических ресурсов региона.

Ecological tourism - quite young but rapidly growing form of tourism activity. To date, we note the lack of a single, universally accepted definition of ecotourism due to the many forms of its implementation. One of the most concise definition is recommended by the International Ecotourism Society in 1991. According to this definition, ecotourism is responsible travel to natural untouched by human activity areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people. Based on the definition, we can conclude that the distinguishing feature of ecological tourism is that environmental sustainability in addition, it contributes to improvement of the economic situation, including directly - through the replenishment of local and state budgets.

Governments in many state stepped up their efforts to legislative protecting the environment, to develop recommendations for the organization of tourist activity and the creation of new special protected areas (PAs).
Currently, eco-tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. According to some estimates, ecotourism covers more than 10-15% of the tourist market. The rate of growth it has a leading position in the tourism industry.

Genuine ecological tourism involves economic benefits allocated for the protection of natural and cultural values. Currently, however, such an interpretation, ecological tourism is not always realized in practice. Numerous organizers routes offer ecological tours as an alternative to traditional travel. However, profit from such travel is directed exclusively to the needs of the tourist enterprise. In the classical ecological tour of the tourist spending must come to the receiving community ecotourism.

Equally important ecological tourism plays in the redistribution of income between rich and poor countries. This is so-called levelling effect. The objective prerequisites of this process lie in the quantitative and qualitative natural environment of developed and developing countries.

Analyzing the tourist potential areas Republic of Kazakhstan can be said that most tourist potential of the country is represented by natural reserves and unique objects. This means that one of the main directions development of tourism should be eco-tourism. For the effective development this type of tourism requires comfortable infrastructure directly in the places of these tourist services, means of transportation, communication links, and a powerful advertising and information support.

A distinctive feature tourism product is seasonality of his character, which requires the adoption of certain measures and the development of alternative forms tourism in the offseason.

Kazakhstan has always been a country with a strong agricultural focus. Positive trend develops through the lands of specially protected natural areas, where the main unique natural and recreational resources. In order to expand the network of protected areas in the country are working on the creation of new national parks. An extensive network of national parks, including the unusual landscapes, can perform two main functions: to replenish the country's budget currency of attracting tourists and prevent the negative consequences of human impact on nature.

Further progressive development of protected areas will depend on the financial and investment funds to improve their status and increase their numbers. In general, you should pay attention to the experience as highly industrialized countries and developing countries, "third countries" that have managed to achieve good results thanks to the development of national parks, particularly in the field of tourism and recreation.

The transition of the economy to a market economy is forcing PAs turn toward the commercialization of its activities. Some objects need to be leased to private entities. In objects can enter: land of forests, waters of lakes, rivers, reservoirs, desert and steppe areas, remarkable landscape monuments, as well as material and technical base with campsites, restaurants, gas stations, etc. In this case, it may make the mechanism of "protected areas - tourism." By means of national parks and reserves will attract tourists, holidaymakers and tourists, who will be able to read, relax and invest in the tourism industry. In the tourist and recreational against more developed regions can be considered: South Kazakhstan and North Kazakhstan. Here, for the majority of national parks and reserves.
Central, eastern and western regions are relatively underdeveloped in terms of acquisition of PAs and reserves. Environment in everyday life appears as a single natural and social environment.

To date, the actual reverse effect of the environment on tourism, and through him the human condition. In your opinion, there are three aspects of this interaction:
1. The effect of tourism on the recreation resident population of the region;
2. The impact of tourism on the health of people, and through his labour activity;
3. Impact of tourism on human psychology.

Favourable for conducting rational recreational nature of the preservation industry needs to develop eco-tourism industry. Stimulus to the development of eco-tourism is a growing demand for recreational nature, which is determined by the increase of non-compliance among the permanent habitat modern man of his physiological and psychological needs. Satisfaction and expanding recreational demand in Kazakhstan should be at the expense of scientific knowledge about the environment.
Conditions ecological tourism can provide economic benefits as by attracting foreign tourists and community involvement of the local population in market of Kazakhstan, especially those living in rural areas. They will be able to improve their well-being by cultivating traditional national crafts, eventually leading to the revival of national customs and traditions.

In this way:

- Tourism is one of the most efficient industrial complexes, which can not be neglected, especially in solving problems of the economy out the crisis due to its restructuring;
- Tourism and environment are interlinked and interdependent concepts. They assume rational use of natural resources and the environment. With vigorous development of tourism increases load on the environment.
- To prevent significant environmental damage and preserve a wide range of natural potential is necessary to introduce a program of rational recreational nature, which includes the main way out of the crisis in the tourism industry, particularly eco-tourism formation in the regulation of recreational nature, to reduce the load on natural ecosystems. In the main lines of this program may include the following items:

-Renewal of a recreational nature;

- Regulation of tourism and the environment in market conditions:
- Formation of ecological tourism as a priority tourism activities;

- Creation of tourism infrastructure and recreational areas;

- Improving the legal framework of recreational wildlife and tourism.

The above program is only preliminary layout programs rational recreational nature, which needs further improvement.

Bibliography:

1. Ердавлетов С.Р. География туризма.- Алматы, 2000.- С.155,176;

2..Самойленко А.А. География туризма.-Ростов н /Д: «Феникс», 2006.-С.105-120, 210-217;

3.Программа действия для пилотных сел по сохранению биоразнообразия Западного

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