Тема: Formation and development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan

Asankhodzhayeva I.F., Saginbek A., Turtay G.

SKSU. M.Auezov

Түйін

Бұл мақалада аймақтық ресурстардың туризмднің дамуы және пайдалануының мәселелері қаралған.

Резюме

В этой статье рассматривается цели развития туристических ресурсов региона.

Under current conditions, there are various forms of human activity aimed at creating a common good and the knowledge of the outside world. With the increase in welfare increases natural human need to open new worlds for him, growing thirst for traveling. Journey - this is tourism. Tourism - is not only a change of place, it includes many of the legal, economic and social aspects. Over the past decade, tourism traveling a powerful independent industry. According to the World Tourism Organization Tourism provides 10% of turnover of production and service market of the world. Today communication between people, familiarity with cultural and natural sightseeing’s planet is largely carried out by tourism. During the second half of XX century. tourism has become a rapidly emerging as the largest sector of the global economy. By the end of the century in its turnover and profitability, he already competes with the production, refining and vehicle structure. On the threshold of the XX century. According to the World Tourism Organization, tourism only in terms of international tourism became involved about 700 million people. And with the domestic tourism can say that almost half of people in the world annually are directly included in the travel business.

Globalization, information, development of vehicles in the world over the past two decade gave a rapid tourism development dynamics, it is not excluded that it will approximates decades the world's leading industry. Anyway, to this today sufficient prerequisites, despite all the natural and social conflicts that will inevitably hurt the global tourist flows. These conflicts, as practice shows, modify, correct mainly in specific areas of tourist flows, depending on the information on these conflicts and build security systems. The volume of these flows in the world continue to grow steadily.

Tourism depends on the growth of income and living standards. As a rule, the more prosperous country, the more stable its socio-economic situation in the world, the higher share population, which flows into the global tourist flows, generating growth. Conversely, the worse the socio-economic situation in the country and in the world, the smaller the proportion of the population involved in the tourism sector. This pattern is very characteristic, and it seems, can and should be regarded as providing a summary or even a kind of integral index of the country in the international community. In other words, apparently, by the level of development of tourism in the country, citizens' participation, in particular, the country and the tourism it is safe to judge the level of development of each country, the quality of life of its citizens.

This is a very important detail, first of all, because, as we know, this or that phenomenon is most complete, mature manifests itself in a relatively developed society. For example, the essence of capitalism, its distinctive features of classical economic theory of Adam Smith, D.Rikkardo, Karl Marx to D.Keynsa to learn through understanding of economic phenomena most developed countries of time. This approach allowed them to deeper and more precisely represent the realities of today. This does not mean, of course, they were unanimous in the interpretation of the same phenomena. It merely indicates that a relatively mature society of its characteristics and, therefore, it is characterized, over explicit act hence easier to form reflection.

This position is directly related to the tourism industry of Kazakhstan. Tourism in the developed world for us is a rough guide of possible movement, but the way to achieve this benchmark depends on the capabilities and features, as well as the ability of our country.

At this time, an important question remains more precise formulation of the concept of "tourism". Great of the author seeks to give its fullest definition of "tourism". Each of opinion is special. Select a specific concept that generalizes various interpretations is almost impossible.

In 1980, the Manila Declaration on World Tourism proclaimed: "Tourism is understood as an activity which is important in the life of the peoples of the direct effects on the social, cultural, educational and economic life of the states and their international relationship."

Hague Declaration Inter parliamentary Conference on Tourism, held in 1986, determines tourism phenomenon that has become in our day and the daily life of hundreds of millions people. Tourism includes all of the free movement of where they live and work, and the scope of services designed to meet the needs arising from these stirred. Tourism is an activity that is essential to human life and modern societies, which is converted into an important form of use of leisure time of individuals and the primary means of interpersonal relations and the political, economic and cultural contracts that have become necessary as a result of the internationalization of all sectors of human life. It should be the concern of everyone. Tourism is both a consequence and a decisive factor in the quality of life in modern society.

For example, in the US, the concept of "tourism" includes everything that is connected with the movement of people outside of their homes at a certain distance, without the intention of generating revenue from their work.

An interesting and relatively complete analysis of the concept of "tourism" gives M.A.Zhukova. She comes to the conclusion that as long as we do not have an unambiguous definition. Moreover, because of its analysis should that today the concept of "tourism" we mean not just different interpretations, but by no means comparable in scope effects, and hence the coverage of the industry domestic and world economics. Some authors believe that tourism as a phenomenon limited to the concept of tourist travel, ie, activities of travel agencies and tour operators. The same view is held by some specialists, arguing at the same time that "only a small part of the organization specializes in product goods and services exclusively for tourists." And therefore, is believed to proponents of this point of view, there is no need to allocate a separate tourism industry.

Several different view on the definition of the term "tourism" offers Kazakhstan authors G.M.Duysen. The word "tourism" he understands the movement of people across time and space in order to recreation, treatment, expanding horizons and an array of activities not related to the change of residence and work in the field visiting.

Most of the existing definition of "tourism" affect geographical, social, economic and legal side of tourism, depending on how specialists different areas and fields of science see the problem in its spectrum of knowledge.

But now the most common definition of tourism, received legalization in the legal systems of different countries of the world, is formulated in 1993 the UN Statistical Commission for the purposes of tourism statistics (concepts, definitions and classifications of tourism statistics), as well as recommendations on tourism statistics of the World Tourism organization. According to these documents, tourism is the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for a period of not more than one consecutive year for the purpose of recreation, as well as with business and other purposes.

Studying Law "On tourism activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan", we find this notion as "the tourism industry." The tourism industry from a scientific point of view has not been considered, and it can be explained. So far, as a separate and independent sector of the economy state tourism industry did not stand out.

Modern tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest growing high-yield segment of the international trade in services. In 1999, the share of international tourism made up 8 percent of the world's export earnings and 37 percent of export services sector. Tourism revenues steadily ranks third after oil revenues, petroleum products, and automobiles. It is expected that this positive trend will continue into the new millennium. The growth of tourism should occur mainly due to the emergence of new areas visited, as traditional areas of the world tourism market is almost reached limit recreational capacity. In this regard, Kazakhstan has a unique opportunity busy its niche in the global tourism market.

In the view, the tourism industry includes such individual human activities like transport services, hotel services, tour operators and travel agents, legal protection, and others. In fact, they are interrelated and closely cooperate with each other. In addition, this activity involves people that run the market turistiche¬skih services: advertising specialists, marketers, travel agents and others.

What is it that is the tourism industry? Just as there is no single definition of the term "tourism", as there is no clear definition of the tourism industry. This is because the value term "tourism industry" is very capacious. This can be seen in the analysis of different points of view regarding this phenomenon.

Art. 4 of the Law "On the tourism activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan" states: "Industry tourism - a set of tourism accommodation, transport, educational facilities, Wellness, business, sports and other purposes; organizations engaged tourist activities, as well as organizations providing travel services and guide services. "

G.M.Duysen defines the "tourism industry" as follows: a complex, multi-faceted system economic, industrial and social activities, based on the natural and recreational po¬tentsial the country, which includes all forms of service infrastructure that can satisfy the public demand for leisure and Entertainment .

Soviet scientist P.G.Oldak gives a definition of "tourism industry": "Industry tourism characterizes the service business, specializing in the creation and sale of tourism services, or as a branch of economics, specializing in meeting the demand of tourists payments are capable".

S.R.Erdavletov believes that the tourism industry defines economic rank tourism responsible on spaces with a developed tourist effect functions, which in the industrial regions associated with developed industry.

Bibliography:
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2..Самойленко А.А. География туризма.-Ростов н /Д: «Феникс», 2006.-С.105-120, 210-217;

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