Economic sciences/ 2.
Finances and Banking
Liudmyla Shapoval, Yulia Belyaeva
Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Ukraine
Problems
of youth employment in Ukraine
The
problems of employment and youth employment in particular, have been the
subject of research for economists, sociologists, demographers, psychologists
for a long time and it is the focus of
governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Nowadays
the problem of youth employment in politically unstable time is especially
important.
Young
people is the most problematic share in the national labour market. Applying
for the first job, the discrepancy between the level and quality of education
to professional responsibilities, lack of experience, inconsistency of youth
requests and employers offers exacerbate tensions in the labor market.
Unsolved
problems of youth employment lead to higher level of unemployment and lower
living standards; distribution of passive patterns of behavior result in the
external labour migration; cause psychological changes (loss of motivation to
work, changing the structure of values and falling prestige of legal
employment).
Today
in Ukraine the problem of unemployment is sharply highlighted. It leads to
negative social and economic consequences. The social consequences result in
unemployment tensions in society as the unoccupied are unstable population.
Employment is a set of socio-economic relations between
people in order to provide employable population with jobs, the formation of
distribution and redistribution of labour resources for their participation in socially useful labour and providing
expanded reproduction of labor force [1, p.37].
Law
of Ukraine "On Employment" determines the legal, economic and
organizational principles of state policy realization in the field of
population employment, state guarantees to protect the rights of citizens to
work and their rights to social protection against unemployment [2, p.160].
The
definition covers a wide range of issues which are under structural, investment, pricing, monetary,
human resources, educational, migration, demographic and social policy of the
state. Such a set of industrial relations reveals in certain economic categories,
such as individual or collective labour,
labour itself, the process of the labour productivity, its terms,
regulations, mobility and staff vocational training, income and wages etc.
According
to Article 5 of the Law of Ukraine "On Employment" local state
administrations, executive bodies of the corresponding councils based on
information of Employment Centers set
quota for reservation in enterprises, institutions and organizations,
regardless of form of ownership, with a number of employed over 20 people by 5%
of jobs for people who can not compete in the labour market, including
vocational schools leavers. They belong
to the category of people who may be employed by means of dotation (subsidies)
to employer [3, p.44].
Thus,
in 2012 eighteen leavers of vocational
schools and thirty-two university graduates applied for assistance in
employment to the District Employment Service; and eighteen people have
been employed with the assistance of
employment service, including four people for reserved jobs, nine people - by providing subsidies to employers.
Eight people participated in community
service.
The
important current problem today is the lack of state economic prediction in specialists with higher education.
Therefore, there are disparities in the labour market supply and graduates
demand.
Thus,
the main measures to be carried out to reduce youth unemployment should be
campaigning and education work: [4, p.510].
1. Create the youth job centre.
2. . Develop projects focused on financing, active measures to promote
youth employment.
3. . Conduct research to determine the professions, professional skills and
qualifications which graduates should have.
4. . Develop and implement mechanisms for financial and other support to
enterprises, institutions and organizations participating in this program.
5. . Conduct training on job search techniques and distribution of
materials on employment issues, expansion of information field on the status of
the local labour market, potential employers and others to create the conditions
for self-determination of individuals.
References:
1. Krasnov Y. Methodological bases of reproductive mechanism of employment //
Ukraine: Aspects of labour. - 2013. – No. 4. – P.37-40
2. Levchuk Y. S. Theoretical aspects of
employment // Formation of Market Relations in Ukraine. - 2010. – No. 5. – P.
160-164
3. Bohoyavlenska Y. V. Administrative and legal mechanisms to control employment of
youth in Ukraine during the financial crisis // Economy and State. - 2009. –
No. 3. - P.44-54
4. Morozova O. A. The problems of the youth sector on
the labor market in Ukraine // The Social Priorities of the Labour Market in
Terms of Structural Modernization of the Economy. - K., 2000. – Vol. 1 - P.
510-521