Kyrykbay Erkebulan , Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,

Student, the Faculty of Law,

E-mail: era96@mail.ru

Supervisor: Smagulova Dana Sabyrhanovna, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, LL.M., Senior lecturer Department of Customs, financial and environmental law, the Faculty of Law, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty,

E-mail: smgdana@mail.ru

Some questions of transportation of hydrocarbons from Kazakhstan to China

Currently China's economy is growing rapidly. In the context of such a development of its own hydrocarbon resources of China becomes not sufficient to ensure the needs of the domestic market. In connection with the economic growth, China has become increasingly focused on Kazakhstan's oil and oil Caspian region.

Ratio of oil in the energy balance of the PRC is at least 30%. China is in a tough dependence on oil imports. In the medium term, this dependence is likely to increase. Thus, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the PRC in 2013, China has extracted 189 million tons of oil. And imported - 199 million. Tons. Estimated as the State Committee for National Development and Reform Commission, in 2020 China's need for oil will account for about 560-600 mln. Tons, China's dependence on external supplies of "black gold" is not less than 65%. This means that in 2020 China will need to import at least 365-390 mln. Tons of oil. []

The interest of China to the oil and gas industry of Central Asia had already been in the mid 90-ies of the last century. Since that time, the region's importance in China's energy, as well as overall economic policy, progressively increasing.

It should be noted that the interest is not one-sided. Kazakhstan, in turn, is also interested in expanding the areas of oil supplies. Kazakhstan has always held the position of multi-vector in international relations. This also applies to relations in transportation of hydrocarbons, in connection with which Kazakhstan is not limited only to the direction of oil supplies to Russia, given the clear prospect of the economy of China.

In 1997, negotiations between China and Kazakhstan, which have found their consolidation in the form of a written agreement on the construction of Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline stretching 3,200 km and a capacity of up to 20 mln. Tons per year, which is estimated at $ 3-3.5 billion. The starting point planned oil pipeline Atyrau, endpoint town Alashankou.

Despite the fact that the agreement was reached in 1997, but the question remained almost at zero point and did not move, as oil prices fell during this period and taking into account the fact that the Chinese side is obligated to finance the project, then stood the question of the inadvisability of the whole project.

In the future, already in June 2003 was made a second attempt to establish transportation of hydrocarbons from Kazakhstan to China. So, in that year China National Petroleum Corporation signed an agreement with the Kazakh government on the construction of Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline Atasu-Alashankou. The agreement was more productive and in May 2006 the first launch of Kazakhstan-China pipeline, which is able to be transported from Kazakhstan to China about 20 million. Tons of oil per year. The first oil pipeline oriented east to China was of particular importance for Kazakhstan, as allowed Kazakhstan to enter the huge, and that is not unimportant, the promising Chinese market. Just this direction allowed Kazakhstan to be less dependent on Russia.

For the operation of the pipeline set up a joint company "Kazakhstan-China pipeline", on an equal footing controlled by national oil companies of China and Kazakhstan. [] In addition to the construction of an oil pipeline between the two countries reached an agreement on the joint construction of the pipeline.

We can say that the president of Kazakhstan was able to some extent to reduce his country's dependence of Russian companies, but for oil in new directions official Astana is still negotiating with other neighboring countries, including Iran and Azerbaijan. []

To date, the level of the Chinese presence in Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry is much higher than the Russian. So, at the end of 2013, Chinese companies (mostly CNPC / CNPC) in Kazakhstan extracted about 15 million. Tons of oil, accounting for about 21% of total oil production in the country, that is, almost 2.5 times more than the Russian . Following the acquisition of certain assets in Kazakhstan in the oil and gas industry and in 2009, Chinese companies have reached the level of production to 18 million. Tons of oil (about 23% of total oil production in the country) For comparison, at the end of 2013, Russian companies ("LUKOIL ") extracted about 6.4 million. tons of oil, accounting for about 8.3% of total production (just over 76 million. tons). []

Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's export opportunities in the Chinese direction yet submitted insignificant: the majority of Kazakh oil has been exported to the west. By the end of 2013 Western TNCs owned about 50% of the oil produced in Kazakhstan (about 38 million. Tons), and to Kazakhstan - about 19% (a little more than 14 million. Tons). In addition, Western companies involved in the development is the largest (although more difficult to master) fields, including "Tengiz", where more than 50% of all the oil reserves in Kazakhstan.

Oil exports to China carried out on the pipeline "Atasu - Alashankou", but still remains the problem of filling the pipeline. So in 2009 the volume of export of Kazakh oil to China amounted to approximately 6.2 million. Tons, while the capacity of the first line of the pipeline "Atasu - Alashankou" is about 10 million. Tons per year. In this case, Kazakhstan itself is not yet in a position to guarantee the delivery of a given amount of oil. In particular, in the period 2012-2013, through the pipeline "Atasu - Alashankou" pumped well and Russian oil. As a result, modern possibilities of Kazakhstan for export of oil to China (excluding the so-called "big oil" from offshore Kazakh section of the Caspian Sea, which is expected after 2012) are in the range of 6-8 million. Tons per year. This is about 3% of China's oil imports in 2009 and about 1.8% of the estimated total Chinese oil imports in 2020. []

In general, the commissioning of the pipeline "Atasu-Alashankou" became one of the most important events of 2006, a significant step in the implementation strategy of multi-vector systems of transportation of oil and oil companies has provided reliable and cost-effective direction of oil supplies to the promising and fast-growing Chinese market.

In addition, the pipeline also allows use of the transit potential of Kazakhstan to transport Russian oil to China.

This project was implemented LLP "Kazakhstan-China Pipeline" - a joint venture on a parity basis (with stakes of 50%) of JSC "KazTransOil" and CNODC, a subsidiary of China natsio¬nalnoy company CNPC.

In order to ensure reliable and uninterrupted reception and transportation of oil through the "Atasu - Alashankou" JSC "KazTransOil" has conducted a number of activities for the modernization and reconstruction of the Eastern branch of the section "Priirtyshsk - Atasu," "Karakoin - Atasu" and directly by the MOPS "Atasu "is the head pumping stations pipeline" Atasu-Alashankou ".

By pipeline "Atasu-Alashankou" in China comes from the oil fields of Central Kazakhstan. Also available oil supplies from the western regions of Kazakhstan, which was built in Atasu discharge jetty for receiving oil from railway tanks and its further handling of the pipeline "Atasu-Alashankou".

On said Kazakhstan-China partnership is not finished. December 20, 2010 between the Kazakh company "KazTransGas" and the Chinese company «Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Co Ltd» signed a memorandum of association for the establishment of a limited liability company "pipeline" Beineu-Shymkent ". The main purpose of the project is to provide energy security and reliability of gas supply of the southern regions of the country, through the supply of Kazakh gas from fields in the western regions.

Funding for the project will come from the authorized capital of $ 1 billion, formed on the basis of equal share at the expense of deposits by $ 500 million Kazakh and Chinese, and debt financing of up to $ 3 billion. Formation of the Kazakh part of the authorized capital of the new company will be carried out from the national budget.

The length of this pipeline is 1,475 kilometers, the route runs through the territory of Mangistau, Aktobe, Kyzylorda and South Kazakhstan regions. To ensure Zhambyl and Almaty regions pipeline will be connected to the existing gas pipeline "Bukhara gas-bearing region - Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty" and the first section of the pipeline "Kazakhstan-China".

Construction of the pipeline is planned in two phases: the first phase (2011-2012 years) - Construction of the linear part of the plot "Bozoi-Shymkent" (1164 kilometers) and a compressor station near the village Bozoi (Aktobe region). In the second stage (tentatively in 2014-2015) will be constructed linear part of the plot "Beyneu-Bozoi" (311 kilometers) and compressor station near the village of Karaozek (Kyzylorda region).

The project "Beyneu-Bozoi-Shymkent" involves the construction of 26 outlets, through which gas will be supplied to the settlements along the pipeline route. During the construction period will be involved 3,5 thousand specialists in various fields, after the commissioning of the first phase in 2013, will create about 500 permanent jobs.

The project "Beyneu-Bozoi-Shymkent" is implemented in accordance with the Agreement between the Governments of Kazakhstan and China on cooperation in the construction and operation of the gas pipeline Kazakhstan-China on August 18, 2007, amended on 14 October 2009. []

In general, the analysis of all of the above, we can conclude that an intergovernmental mechanism plays an important role in the development of economic and trade cooperation between China and Kazakhstan. However, in the framework of its discussion is conducted mainly large, the most important projects of bilateral ties. However, in the field of integration of Kazakhstan and China in the economic sphere is no significant documents between Kazakhstan and China, there is no comprehensive program of mutual cooperation and integration, including development programs for transportation of hydrocarbons, including program development pipelines.

Thus, there is a clear discrepancy between the administrative and institutional mechanisms for the regulation and coordination of foreign economic relations in Kazakhstan and China. And from this discrepancy (ie, the actual imbalance and inconsistencies infrastructures Foreign Economic Relations) primarily plays Kazakhstan.

There is a certain gap in organizational efforts to bring about economic and trade relations with China at the macro and micro levels. If through the establishment of intergovernmental relations in the implementation of large international projects done really a lot (but a lot still to be done), the structure of foreign economic activity at the level of its specific subjects does not correspond to the challenges of development of the Kazakh-Chinese economic relations.

In our view, given each year to build up hydrocarbon turnover between the two countries, requires the adoption of a single integrated program of mutual cooperation in this area.

SUMMARY

In this article the author discusses the relationship between China and Kazakhstan on the transportation of hydrocarbons. This article provides an analysis of existing relations and made suggestions for their improvement.

Wasps Bapt avtormen kөmirsutekterdiң tasymaldauynyң sұraқtary boyynsha Қytaymen zhane Kazakhstan aralyғynda қatynastardy қaralady. Bapt zhұmys isteytin қatynastardyң taldauyn tour keledi, sonymen birge olardyң әbden zhetildiruine turaly ұsynystar istelinedi.

In this article the author examines the relationship between China and Kazakhstan on the transportation of hydrocarbons. The paper analyzes the existing relationships, and make suggestions for their improvement.

REFERENCES

1. . V. Paramonov, strings A. Oil and gas interests of China in Central Asia // www.easttime.ru/analitic/1/8/796.html

2. . Global energy security. July 16, 2006 // http // www.energodialogue.com.

3. . A. Manvelyan Russia-China: The Struggle for Kazakh oil (oil war) // www.noravank.am/rus/issues/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=2665

4. . V. Paramonov, strings A. Oil and gas interests of China in Central Asia // www.easttime.ru/analitic/1/8/796.html

5. . V. Paramonov, strings A. Oil and gas interests of China in Central Asia // www.easttime.ru/analitic/1/8/796.html

6. . http://www.newskaz.ru/economy/20101220/996994.html