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PhD, Associate Professor Bulkot A.V.,
Master of Science Pecherska N.P.
State Higher Educational
Establishment «
Ñharacteristics
of the control of fixed assets at the enterprises of Ukraine
Today the subject of the control of fixed assets is currently important
for effective management of the enterprise. Fixed assets are important elements
of functional ensuring activity of the enterprise. Expansion of the information
of fixed assets is noted in accounting policies, the enterprise independently
chooses a form of maintenance of accounting records, by following the Law of
Ukraine «About accounting and financial statements»
and the National Standard of Accounting 7 «Fixed
assets». The main types of the control of fixed assets are
revealed as inventory and documentary checks, also it is important to control
the observation of conditions of preservion of the property, that belongs to
the category of fixed assets [1]. For the control of fixed assets also one can
use Methodical recommendations of accounting of a fixed assets No. 561 and the
Instruction about application of the Plan of business account.
According to the law of
As check of a fixed assets is rather volume work, it is possible to use
the selective control. During documentary control it is necessary to use such
documents: the order concerning the accounting policy, the primary documents
concerning the accounting of fixed assets, acts of integration, the inventory
cards, the accounting ledgers that are displayed for the reflection of economic
transactions of the accounting of fixed assets, documents from the previous
audits and controls, statistics of the quarter and annual accounting, tax
acconting, statistical and operational reporting.
During the control of a fixed assets also the important element is the implementation of depreciation, that
influences on profit and cost value. Charging of depreciation expenses is
applied monthly during the useful life of the object.
In the course of the control of fixed assets it is necessary
to establish the timeliness of realization of revaluation
according to the accounting policy. During
decision-making about revaluation of a property, plant and
equipment it is necessary to consider that in the future they will be
revalued regularly,
and that the cost of fixed assets in the accounting mustn’t differ substantially from the current value, and in accordance it is necessary to control
the correctness of the reflection
of the revaluation in the accounting.
During the control of
the documentation
of the repair transactions and the
improvement of a fixed
assets it is controlled the correspondence of the executed services.
At the enterprise one should control the consistency of the reflection
of fixed assets, the corectness of liquidation and writing-off of fixed assets
according to such documents, as the acts of liquidation, and documents that
confirm the expenses of liquidation of fixed assets and the capitalization of material
values from their writing-off.
All the information
that are collected about the
control of fixed assets can be executed by such methods as: information descriptions and
comparative account; analytical grid, calculations;
interim controlling acts; grouping of the problems that were discovered during the
inspection; reflection of the
results of checks in the
corresponded section of the certificate of inspection.
So, summing up all above-mentioned, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the
main destination of
control of a property, plant and equipment is the procurement of observance of the law and of economic viability
of operational and financial activities. The
destination of the control is
to check the correctness of reference of tangible assets to property,
plant and equipment, to check the verity of valuation and revaluation of fixed assets, to control the correctness of reflection of
the results of inventory. Also, the main goals of the control are: to check
the timeliness and correctness of the
documentating and the
reflection in the accounting ledgers,
the integration and withdrawal of property,
plant and equipment, to
check the correctness of charging and viability of determination of the
depreciation method and timeliness and completeness of its inclusion in
production expenses. Also, during the process of control one should check the
correctness of charge and writing-off of depreciation of fixed assets. And the
main sources for monitoring procedure behind a property, plant and equipment are:
primary documents, registers of synthetic and analytic accounting, annual
financial reporting, tax accounts.
Reference:
1.
Polozhennya (standart) byhhalterskoho obliky 7 «Osnovni zasoby» [Zatverdzhene Nakazom M³n³sterstva f³nans³v Ukraiini vid 27.04.2000 ¹
92 [zi zminami i dopovnennyami] [Elektronniy resurs] // Verhovna Rada Ukraiini
[sayt]. - Rezhim dostupu: http: // zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0288-00.
2.
Golov S. F. Upravl³nskiy obl³k [Tekst]: [navch. pos³bnik] / S. F. Golov. – K.: L³bra,
2003. – 704 ñ.
3. Instruktsiya po Inventarizatsii osnovnih zasobiv, nematerialnih aktiviv, tovarno-materialnih tsinnostey, groshovih koshtiv ³ dokumentiv ta rozrahunkiv vid 11.08.1994 ¹ 69 [zi zminami i dopovnennyami] [Elektronniy resurs] // Verhovna Rada Ukraiini
[sayt]. - Rezhim dostupu: http: // zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0202-94.