Nyssanov
E.A., Ibragimov U.V.,
Sembiyeva T.O.
South
Kazakhstan State University named after M.Auezov, Shymkent,
THE CREATION OF MULTIMEDIA PROGRAMS FOR TRAINING THE HISTORY OF
Introduction. The new phase of the
evolution of mankind, expressed in the introduction to universal informatization, has led to an increase in the role of
informative resources. Digital content is a new era in learning, the means that
can have a decisive influence on the improvement of historical education. The
Strategic Plan for the Development of Education of the
Creating
the space for analysis in computer form. In geosciences on
the basis of information technologies, the geographic information systems (GIS)
are created – the special hardware and software complexes that provide the
collection, processing, display and dissemination of spatially coordinated
data. One of the main functions of GIS is the creation and use of computer and
electronic maps, atlases and other cartographic works [2].
Based on the above
data, using GIS programs, they create the thematic maps. Thematic mapping in
the GIS has a number of significant methodological, methodic and technological
features that allow considering it as an independent direction of geographic
mapping. First of all, it should be noted that, in the conceptual plan, the
thematic GIS mapping tasks do not overlap with the tasks of digital mapping.
Unlike the digital
mapping, aimed at creating more accurate digital analogs of general geographic
and topographic maps, GIS mapping has a pronounced information-analytical and
heuristic nature. Therefore, it is much less focused on the exact reproduction
of the cartographic characteristics of the territory, emphasizing the user's
attention to the patterns of spatial distribution of thematic attributes.
Often, this orientation leads to the creation of computer pseudo - and
quasi-card - electronic counterparts of different cards. Thus, in the process
of thematic GIS mapping, a metric rather than a metric model is actually used,
which is due to the virtual nature of the use of electronic thematic maps in
the process of taking decisions. In this case, the cartometric
characteristics, as a rule, do not fall within the field of view of the user of
the thematic card, which is more interested in topological aspects of the
distribution of thematic features.
Thus, thematic maps can be considered as one of the types of Geo-images.
The concept of geo-image, introduced by A.M.Berlandt,
includes any spatio-temporal, scale, generalized
model of terrestrial objects or processes, represented in a graphical form. The
introduction of this concept in cartography was caused by the need for an
integrated approach to various forms of cartographic visualization: maps,
aerial and space imagery, computer images, cartographic films and animations
[3].
The most important methodological feature of GIS mapping is the
possibility of almost completely closing the gap between the production and use
of thematic maps. At the same time, the technology of creating a card
“dissolves” as it were in the technology of its use. This process has a great
methodological and practical significance, since it leads to a significant
expansion of the circle of users of electronic thematic maps, cartographic
design becomes a working tool of commercial GIS packages, and topic-based
mapping, as a methodical technique, goes beyond the academic framework and
turns into an element of technology decision making.
Thematic historical maps, in addition to general geographic reference
information, contain the materials on the formation and development of states,
state entities, historical events, data on cities and people, etc. GIS-tools
allow you to compare information by overlaying thematic layers of maps on the
same territory, data on historical, natural and socio-economic processes and
phenomena. An integral part of historical knowledge is spatial information.
Without it, it is difficult to imagine the specifics and features of the
historical process as a whole.
A significant
amount of historical knowledge in the process of studying the history is
spatial information. These are general geographic, generalizing, thematic maps
and atlases of small and medium scales, city plans, schemes of battles,
insurrections and much more. In the modern information society such information
is increasingly presented in digital (electronic) form. Both individual
citizens in daily life and entire organizations regularly use geographic
spatial information in their activities digitally.
There is an
integration of historical and geographical information and data into the
information educational space at the regional and global levels. For example,
in a number of countries in
Conclusions. Thus, based on the
above, it is quite natural to conclude that the digital historical map is an
integral, independent database of thematic data. Behind an apparently simple
shell in a digital historical map, several layers of information can be hidden:
animated or video-insets, tables, etc. In such maps, the territories of states
are gradually changed, the troops are moved, cities are appeared, railroads are
laid, etc. The creation of such maps is a very complex process, in which the
specialists of completely different branches should be involved. A programmer,
a designer, a teacher, a methodologist and, of course, a historian should form
a creative group, which will work out a new type of teaching aid. The final
product is a digital historical map, integral parts of which will be not only
the maps themselves, but also comments to them, various useful information,
images of documents, pictures, politicians, etc. illustrations, etc. Thus, a digital
historical map can turn into an independent textbook of a new generation.
References
1. State program of
development of education of the
2. Berlyant A.M. Cartography. -
3. Berlyant A.M. Cartographic animation/À.Ì. Berlyant, L.A. Ushakova. -M.: Scient.world, 2000. - 108 p.