Филологические науки, 6.Актуальные проблемы перевода.

К. филол. н., доцент Мартынова Н.А.

ОрЮИ МВД России имени В.В. Лукьянова, Россия

Characteristics of usage of legal terms

The legal text is one of the most important life forms of expression of law. A legal document, another written medium of legal information has textual features, a peculiar linguistic expression. Despite the existing contradictions in the views of linguistic scholars and lawyers, most are united in the fact that every text has a lexical (linguistic), logical and grammatical basis, organized in a certain way for the purpose of conveying information. There is no doubt that legal texts, regardless of their functional purpose and pragmatic role, have the same basis. Depending on the functional purpose, legal texts differ in a certain organization, principles and rules of implementation. Legal texts can be presented in two functional styles, namely: formal business and scientific styles. Official-business style is also called administrative style or business speech. It should be noted that the role of these texts in the society is extremely high. Special legal terminology cannot be limited to a set of particularly complex legal expressions and words. [1]

The official-business style serves the area of official business relations, public policy, and the area of law. It is realized by means of such types of texts as state acts, laws, decrees, regulations, contracts, instructions, statutes, official messages, business letters, receipts, various kinds of texts in institutions (certificate, application, report, etc.). . The origin of the text, as well as its functioning, are pragmatically oriented, since any text, including a legal text, is created when a certain target setting occurs and functions in certain communicative conditions. As a rule, either formal and business style is divided into two sub-styles: legislative and clerical , or administrative-clerical or three substructures: diplomatic lining, documentary lining and habitually business lining. In this case, the diplomatic lining is represented in such No lyrics as diplomatic note, a government statement. Documentary sub-style is represented by such types of texts as codes, various acts that serve the official documentary activities of state and public organizations, as well as citizens as individuals. In business correspondence between institutions and organizations, as well as in private business papers, there is an everyday business underpinnings.

As for the characterization of the legislative text, it must certainly be precise in its content and at the same time understandable. Each language reflects the features of the relevant legal system [2].The texts of laws are treated differently than with any other kind of texts. Each law is in close connection with others, therefore the linguistic concept of coherence is not enough to describe the links in the law. The references in the law to other laws or to parts of the text within the law itself indicate that laws are a special type of organization of information that is characteristic of the activities of a lawyer, developed by lawyers and having its own textual form. As for the status of legislative texts in comparison with other legal texts, it should be noted that if we consider legislative texts as texts of a higher rank, in particular as a starting point for the interpretation of legal concepts, then legislative terms can be regarded as a standard in relation to the language form , use and content.

Of undoubted interest is the study of the specifics of the use in the process of organizing the legislative text of terms. The created terminology base allows the specialist to effectively exchange information, and, consequently, to effectively interact and fulfill his professional duties .

In modern encyclopedic sources, terms (from the Latin terminus-border, limit, end) are treated as words or combinations of words (complex or descriptive) whose meanings are determined in the context of the corresponding scientific theory (discipline) or in general in any branch of knowledge . In this sense, the frequently encountered problem of clarifying the term presupposes their definition, the elimination of homonyms and the mandatory fixation of the universe of reasoning. The study of the classification of legal terminology allows you to choose an adequate version of the name of the phenomenon when translating professionally oriented texts [3].

Terms are among the categories of linguistics, but they give the meaning to the corresponding concepts that are a category of logic. Between the concept and the term, as a rule, it is possible, the presence of an intermediate link, namely: definition (definition) of the concept. Since the term refers to a special concept of a particular sphere of production, science or art, the legal term is the name of the concept in the field of jurisprudence. Specificity of terms is, first of all, in their brevity, accuracy, system conditionality and uniqueness. Special-legal terminology can not be limited to a set of particularly complex legal expressions and words.

The study of the classification of legal terminology allows you to choose an adequate version of the name of the phenomenon when translating professionally oriented texts [4].

Литература:

1. Мартынова Н.А. Постановления конституционного суда как пример процесса формирования терминологической лексики // Научный вестник Орловского юридического института МВД России имени В.В. Лукьянова. 2017. № 2 (71). С. 158-160.

2. Мартынова Н.А. Постановления конституционного суда как пример процесса формирования терминологической лексики // Научный вестник Орловского юридического института МВД России имени В.В. Лукьянова. 2017. № 2 (71). С. 158-160.

3. Мартынова Н.А. Терминология как конститутивный элемент научного текста: сопоставительный анализ англоязычного и русскоязычного юридического дискурсов // В сборнике: Жанры и типы текста в научном и медийном дискурсе межвузовский сборник научных трудов .ответственный редактор Пастухов Александр Гавриилович. 2014. С. 158-167.

4. Мартынова Н.А. Зависимость построения терминологической лексики от правовой структуры страны (на примере английских и русских юридических терминов) // Научный вестник Орловского юридического института МВД России имени В.В. Лукьянова. 2015.№ 3 (64). С. 193-196.