ФИЛОСОФИЯ
/ 6. Философия науки.
Elkhova
Oxana Igorevna
Doctor of Philosophy, Professor
of the Department of Philosophy and Political Science,
Bashkir State University, Russia
INTERDISCIPLINARY CONCEPTS IN MODERN
SCIENTIFIC COGNITION
Interdisciplinary concepts occupy their
special place in modern scientific knowledge. At present, there are a
significant number of general scientific concepts in science, and it can be
said with certainty that the number of such concepts will only increase over
time, and their role will increase. In connection with this, the study of the
essence of general scientific concepts is an actual task of philosophy.
General scientific concepts arise at the
intersection of sciences in the «points» of their contact. So, among the general
scientific concepts widely used in the science of the last decades, we can
name, for example, «tolerance», «homeostasis», «fractal», «rhizome», «adaptation».
An important feature of the concepts under
consideration is their transition from one scientific area to another. It is
worth noting that the above general scientific concepts are not ready, frozen and
ossified, they are in the process of their development, and as a result of this
«transition» they are filled with new content. In the process of their
development, from the field of private science, where they first appeared,
their movement to other scientific spheres begins, thereby transferring
knowledge to another soil where it acquires new meanings. For example, the
concept of «tolerance» initially appears in biology and means lowering the
threshold of the human body's resistance to adverse environmental effects. The
concept of tolerance has found its effective application in medical research. In
medicine, tolerance already indicates the degree of indifference of the body
system, or the whole organism as a whole, to any harmful factor (infection,
poison, adverse environment), the body's inability to resist the foreign body,
for a death.
In philosophy, tolerance is already a
multi-layered concept. Thus, the doctoral thesis of E.I. Kasyanova is devoted
to the search for social and philosophical grounds for tolerance. In the works
of E.I. Kasyanov's tolerance appears as a principle of tolerance of some social
subjects to other features of other social subjects. By the features we mean
the differences: worldview, religious, political, cultural, ethnic. Under the
subject of tolerance is understood: a separate individual, social group, social
institution, society [1]. The principle of tolerance in philosophy is the norm
of a civilized compromise, the interaction of different people with different
tastes, views, values.
This example demonstrates how the
concept in the process of its movement and further use «fits» into the
categorical apparatus of another science, while it is forced to transform and
already functions in it as its own particular variant. As a result, the general
concept brings to another field of knowledge not only its own content and its
method, but also serves as a supporting point for the emergence of new
meaningful meanings. We emphasize that the transfer of knowledge from one
scientific field to another affects the very general concept, as a result of
such a «transfer» it expands its subject area, significantly deepens its
content and finds other forms.
The interaction of sciences in solving
complex scientific problems is greatly accelerated by the use of general
scientific concepts. Such a movement of concepts from one scientific sphere to
another inevitably initiates integrative processes in science, contributes to
the achievement of the integrity of scientific knowledge. It should be noted
that the general concepts have varying degrees of distribution, the scope of
their distribution and use. So, some concepts have a tendency to penetrate all
sciences, while others are limited in such dissemination.
Formation of general scientific concepts
occurs in the course of their close interaction with philosophy. For its part,
philosophy gives private science a universal methodology and at the same time
ensures the return of knowledge from private sciences to philosophy.
Interdisciplinary concepts turn out to be at a level that is neither
philosophical nor special-scientific, takes some intermediate position between
philosophy and private sciences, being a kind of bridge between them. Common to
all private sciences concepts are an important link between the general and the
particular, «cement» their interaction, strengthen the integrity of cognitive
activity. The desire to comprehend the «universal» is a characteristic feature
of philosophy. At the same time, we note that the «universal» should not be
considered separately from the concrete, since the study of «universal» assumes
a holistic synthesis of all concrete. And if private sciences can exceed
philosophy in comprehending the depth of the concrete, then universal and
universal knowledge about the world can only be given by philosophy.
Philosophy is designed to cover as much
as possible the whole spectrum of reality, while separate sciences have a
partial vision. Of course, the use of general scientific concepts in science by
no means leads to the replacement of philosophical concepts and the isolation
of philosophy from the private sciences. There is a close interaction of
philosophy and disciplinary science, an important role of philosophy in the
production of new scientific knowledge. General concepts contribute to the
synthesis of new knowledge, contribute to a more adequate reproduction of the
object in science, together with philosophy they promote the unification of the
subjects of different sciences into something one. Due to this, the object of
science itself is viewed from a more general point of view, which entails the
creation of a more coherent picture of the world [2]. Philosophy, summarizing
extremely broad material, is a kind of reflection on science.
General scientific concepts represent an
additional channel of connection between philosophy and disciplinary science,
because they stand between «philosophy» and private sciences, being in close
relationship with them. Private science, in turn, thanks to general scientific
concepts more fully «saturated» with philosophical content.
Bibliography
1.
Касьянова Е.И. Социально-философские основания толерантности: автореф. дис. ...
докт. филос. наук. Улан-Удэ, 2009. 36 с.
2. Кудряшев
А.Ф., Елхова О.И. Общенаучная картина мира: старое в новом одеянии // Вестник
Башкирского университета. 2013. Т. 18. № 4. С. 1255-1259.