THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES’
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF
KAZAKHSTAN
REPUBLIC
Kudabayeva L.A.
Taraz State University named
after M.H.Dulati, Taraz
The
level of development of any country, its international prestige, economic
power, the independence of the country depends primarily on the level of
development and the state of scientific and technical potential of the country
and are determined by the scientific and technical achievements.
The
achievement of sustainable development suggests a balance between social
commitments of states and resource opportunities of society. The main condition
is the formation of such state regulation institutions, the operation of which
would correspond to the state of the economy and its gradual evolution into a
knowledge economy.
Today
there is an increasing attention from the public sector to the formation of the
relationship between science and education and other institutions as one of the
factors ensuring sustainable development in the medium and long term.
Modern
discrete of innovative space of the country, low level of innovation
susceptibility of the economy, structural imbalances of the economy with a
predominance of resource using industries, high proportion of imports of
high-tech products are the facts holding back the economic growth of the
country. [1]
The analysis of innovative activity
shows that the statistics of innovation in Kazakhstan occured since 2003, and
it is based on sample surveys.
Table 1 [2]
Dynamics of the main indicators of innovative activities of enterprises for
2011-2014
|
|
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2012/2011 in % |
2013/2012 in % |
2014/2013 in % |
|
The number of respondents, total |
7212 |
8022 |
10392 |
10591 |
111,2 |
129,5 |
101,91 |
|
Of them: |
148 |
184 |
352 |
505 |
124,3 |
191,3 |
143,47 |
|
The level of activity in the field of
innovations,% |
2,1 |
2,3 |
3,4 |
5,2 |
|
|
|
|
Not having finished innovation |
7064 |
7838 |
10040 |
10086 |
111 |
128,1 |
100,46 |
|
The level of
passivity in
the field of
innovation, % |
97,9 |
97,7 |
96,6 |
94,8 |
|
|
|
|
The number of
scientific research, design units |
363 |
463 |
677 |
724 |
127,5 |
146,2 |
106,94 |
According
to Table 1 in Kazakhstan in 2011 y., out of 7212 surveyed enterprises and
organizations, only 148 had completed innovations, in 2012 y. the number of
such companies increased slightly - up to 184, in 2013 y. up to 352, and in
2014 y. it was amounted to 505, and the number of respondents increased - from
8022 to 10591. The level of innovative activity in the field of innovation
increased from 2,1% in 2011 y. to 5,2% in 2014 y., but in general the index
remains in a low level. The number of scientific - research and project -
design units increased to 27,5% in 2012 y. in comparing with 2011 y., to 46,2%
in 2013 y. in comparison with 2012 year, and in 2014 year in comparison with
2013 y. increased to 6,94%.
Attention
is drawn to the relatively low
innovative activity of enterprises that
are under a foreign ownership. The expectations that the inflow of advanced
technologies will increase with the arrival of foreign fund in Kazakhstan, is not yet justified.
The regional distribution of innovative
activity proved by the peculiarities of territorial - sectoral structure of
industry of Kazakhstan (Table 2).
Table 2
The structure of the innovative activity
of enterprises of regions for
2011 - 2014 years.
|
|
The number of
innovative enterprises |
The structure of
innovation active enterprises,% |
||||||
|
|
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
|
The Republic of
Kazakhstan |
148 |
184 |
352 |
505 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
Akmola
|
3 |
1 |
8 |
12 |
2,0 |
0,5 |
2,7 |
2,4 |
|
Aktobe
|
4 |
10 |
17 |
23 |
2,7 |
5,4 |
4,8 |
4,5 |
|
Almaty
|
4 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
2,7 |
5,4 |
4,3 |
4,0 |
|
Atyrau
|
- |
1 |
3 |
22 |
- |
0,5 |
0,9 |
4,4 |
|
East
Kazakhstan |
16 |
20 |
37 |
63 |
10,8 |
10,9 |
10,5 |
12,5 |
|
Zhambyl
|
5 |
9 |
19 |
23 |
3,4 |
4,9 |
5,4 |
4,5 |
|
West
Kazakhstan |
6 |
5 |
8 |
7 |
4,1 |
2,7 |
2,7 |
1,4 |
|
Karagandy
|
16 |
30 |
42 |
57 |
10,8 |
16,3 |
11,9 |
11,3 |
|
Kostanay
|
14 |
5 |
4 |
11 |
9,5 |
2,7 |
2,7 |
2,2 |
|
Kyzylorda
|
- |
3 |
3 |
6 |
- |
1,6 |
0,9 |
1,2 |
|
Mangystau
|
5 |
8 |
10 |
13 |
3,4 |
4,3 |
2,9 |
2,6 |
|
Pavlodar
|
10 |
23 |
21 |
39 |
6,8 |
12,5 |
6 |
7,7 |
|
North
Kazakhstan |
4 |
5 |
8 |
8 |
2,7 |
2,7 |
2,7 |
1,6 |
|
South
Kazakhstan |
9 |
8 |
16 |
17 |
6,1 |
4,3 |
4,5 |
3,4 |
|
Astana
city |
- |
1 |
11 |
20 |
- |
0,5 |
3,1 |
4,0 |
|
Almaty
city |
52 |
45 |
132 |
164 |
35,1 |
24,5 |
37,5 |
37,9 |
The
data in Table 2 indicate that most enterprises have completed innovations
focused not in the raw areas, but in regions characterized by a high level of
scientific and industrial potential. The share of Almaty accounted 37,9% of
such enterprises, Karaganda region – 11,3%, East Kazakhstan - 12,5%, Pavlodar –
7,7%. It is these regions that are able to make the greatest contribution to an
array of innovations in the country.
The
lowest activity was at the enterprises of Akmola, Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
Kostanay, Kyzylorda areas and enterprises of Astana. The level of innovative
activity is respectively 1,5%, 1,0%, 1,4% and 1,5%. During the period 2011
-2014, the level of innovative activity decreased at the enterprises of Aktobe,
West Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Kyzylorda areas. In other regions of the Republic of
Kazakhstan there is an increase of innovative activity.
The
problem of training of qualified personnel able to realize innovative activity
is being solved slowly. Companies do not practice the preparation of innovative
managers, who will be able to provide the implementation of innovative
projects. As for the government involvement in training the personnel for
technology business, it is just beginning to develop.
According
to the statistics of the RK, the share of production subjected to improvement
has been dominated, but for the period of 2011 y. by 2013 y., its share
decreased from 72,2% to 58,9% in 2013 y. Accordingly, the share of newly
introduced or subjected to significant changes production in 2011 y., its share
was reduced to 14,7%, in 2012 y. - 28.6%, in 2013 y. - 36.7%.
The
data on the volume and structure of innovative products talks about the low
level of competition in the markets of Kazakhstan. This is the reason that
entrepreneurial preferences are given to the modernization and improvement of
old products, rather than replacing it with a new one.
The
strategy of industrial - innovative development sets the task to bring the
share of expenditure on SRW in the country's GDP in 2015 y. to the level of
developed countries – 2,5%. [3] These comparisons show how it is ambitious and
difficult to achieve this task. The first steps in this direction have already
been made, but they are still not enough, you need an active government
support.
Characterizing
the innovative activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it should be noted that
despite the growth of the industry share in GDP, the high level of
profitability, an increase in the number of innovative enterprises, the scope
of innovative products, the cost of technological innovation, and others, yet
there are some problems, requiring an immediate decision from the government,
it is necessary to solve the practical problems of the development of the real
industrial economy sector.
References
1. Matvienko S.V.,
Shopenko D.V. Financially-organizational
mechanism of innovative business development: Monograph.
M.: MMIEIFiP, 2002.370p.
2. Scientific and technical activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2007. -
Almaty: Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2007. - p. 89.
3. The strategy of industrial - innovative
development for 2003-2015 years.