Kolesnikov Nazar

bachelor’s degree student

Muchailo Lulko

senior lector

National University of Life and Enviromental Sciences of Ukraine

Basic programming languages

A programming language is a formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to amachine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.The earliest programming languages preceded the invention of the digital computer and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos.Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, and many more still are being created every year. Many programming languages require computation to be specified in an imperative form (i.e., as a sequence of operations to perform), while other languages use other forms of program specification such as the declarative form (i.e. the desired result is specified, not how to achieve it).The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) andsemantics (meaning). Some languages are defined by a specification document (for example, the Cprogramming language is specified by an ISO Standard), while other languages (such as Perl) have a dominant implementation that is treated as a reference. If we obshukalysya programmers among friends and acquaintances avoided all local firms, and then there is not enough information in the 'vostrebuvanym' IT labor market. Then give a few personal tips that I think will allow you to start with a simpler, faster respectively receive the first fruits.

At the beginning should be done at least two choices:

• which engage in the field of programming (web, desktop, mobile programming, games, math, etc.)

• choose which programming language to create solutions for selected industry

For areas are mobile, desktop, games area separately (also for mobile, desktop and web), web (both front-end and server-side), embedded programming, low-level programming (microcontrollers, drivers, etc.) and more many other things. Of course program for web, mobile and desktop - is one of the most popular destinations for the programmer.The easiest for a beginner I believe is VEB. He is also one of the most popular at the moment.As for the programming language, it is easier to start with a uniquely interpreted language with dynamic typing. For example php, python, ruby, javascript. They are not only faster and easier to learn, but at the moment they are among the most popular.A bit difficult to start with is a compiled language with static typing variables. Example. C, C ++, C #, Objective C. With the Java language a bit easier, but still, compared to the above mentioned interpreted languages, with Java you have to tinker a little longer and see a few extra things at a lower level (such as memory management and etc.).Example. It was the first Python programming language I learned. After passing week tutorial and reading books for the second week in December, I wrote a small framework for Piano Pygame. After a month pidchytuvannya guide on language C, I made mistakes and then using arrays, pointers and often received the problems due to improper use of memory.Therefore "the best" connection to Web programming will start + dynamic language such as python, php or ruby.Cross platform could be called most modern high-level programming languages. For example, C, C ++ and Free Pascal - cross platform language at compile time, that for these languages have compilers for different platforms. Java and C # - cross platform language level of performance, that is, their binaries can run on different platforms without first recompiling. PHP, ActionScript, Perl, Python, Tcl and Ruby - cross-platform language, interpreted, their interpreters are available for many platforms.C - standardized procedural programming language. C created for use in the operating system UNIX. Since then it has been ported to other operating systems and has become one of the most used programming languages. C. valued for its effectiveness. It is the most popular language for creating system software. It is also often used to create applications. Despite the fact that C is not designed for beginners, it is widely used for teaching programming. Further syntax of C was the basis for many other languages. ++ C - compiled statically typed programming language for general use. Supporting various programming paradigms, combines the properties of both high-level and low-level languages. Compared to its predecessor - the language C - the most attention is paid to support object-oriented and generic programming. The name comes from the C ++ language C, which indicates unary increment operator ++ variable.Pascal Free (full name Free Pascal Compiler, often used abbreviation FPC) - a freely licensed compiler programming language Pascal.Java - object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. Java applications are usually compiled in a special byte code, so they can run on any Java virtual machine, (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.C # refers to a family of languages with C-like syntax, including the syntax is most similar to C ++ and Java. It has static typing, supports polymorphism, overloading operators (including operators of explicit and implicit type cast) delegates, attributes, events, features, generalized types and methods, iterators, anonymous functions with support for circuits, exceptions comments in XML.PHP - scripting programming language for general purpose, extensively used for web application development. Currently supported by the overwhelming majority of hosting providers and is one of the leading programming language used to create dynamic websites.

ActionScript - an object-oriented programming language that adds interactivity, data processing, and more content to Flash-based applications. ActionScript virtual machine runs (ActionScript Virtual Machine), which is part of Flash Player. ActionScript is compiled into bytecode, which are included in the SWF-file.

Perl - Dynamic high-level general-purpose programming language that is interpreted. The main feature of language considered its capabilities for text, including realized using regular expressions. Perl inherits many properties of Si languages, shell script, awk. Python - high-level general-purpose programming language with a focus on developer productivity and code readability. Python minimalist core syntax. At the same time standard library includes a large amount of useful features.Ruby - dynamic, reflective, high-level interpreted programming language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. It is independent of the operating system, the implementation of multi-threading, rigid dynamic typing, scavengers, and many other features. Ruby syntax is similar in features to the languages Perl and Eiffel, for the object-oriented approach - to Smalltalk. Also, some features of the language taken from Python, Lisp, Dylan and CLU. The invention of programming languages a higher level allowed us to interact with the machine, to understand it (unless of course you sign used language), how aware Americans a little familiar with the Russian language ancient alphabet Cyrillic. Simply put, we are in our development of science programming available from computer to YOU. Believe me this is not sarcasm you just look like a developed science programming since emerged as a programming language, but a higher level programming language, apparently a baby. But if we turn our attention to the growth and development of new technologies in the field of programming, it can be assumed that in the near future, human knowledge in this area will help to make in light of the language, able to receive, process and transmit information in the form of thoughts, words, sound or gesture. One would like to call this child a future computer "programming language" highest "level". Perhaps the concept of solving this question is simple and immediate future of this project is not far off, and at this moment, somewhere in Kiev, Amsterdam, Tokyo or Jerusalem, in front of an old 133MHz horbytsya young, no one recognized expert and developing the latest system of artificial intelligence, which will last man using his machine languages, to dialogue with the machine for you.Reflecting on this, I want to believe in the progress of science and technology, high - computerized future of humanity as the only creatures on the planet, albeit not using one particular spoken language, but can progress quickly and so develop their intelligence that transition multilingual system of common understanding will not have to wait long.

Complete the work would be good on that optimistic note, but there is, finally, I want to quote the man, the fragments of which, in the form of information about the C language, you have come across the pages of the text:

The only way to learn a new programming language - write on it programs.