Economic Sciences / 7. Accounting and auditing

Ph.D in Economics Kulish N. V.

Stavropol state agrarian University, Russia

The value of the appraisal

as part of the method of accounting

To measure each object and summarize the information about heterogeneous objects, with the aim of comparability applies to this element of the method of accounting as the score. Evaluation is always present in the accounting system, since the inception of the economic entity and throughout its business activities.

Specific ways of assessing individual sites are regulated in the Russian Federation various accounting Regulations, and General rules of evaluation are reflected in the Federal law "On accounting". The basis for these rules is the principle of valuation in monetary terms of the amount of actual costs incurred.

Qualitative characteristics of accounting information are subject to such properties as the assessment of usefulness, reliability and comparability. The combination of these properties allows the estimation to approximate the calculated value to the actual value of the object. The absence of any properties or the predominance of one of them will lead to the distortion of accounting information.

The relevance of studying the influence assessment of the assets and liabilities on the reliability of the accounting (financial) statements are related because the estimation process strongly depends on the subjective opinion of the appraiser, the choice of one or another assessment tool. Therefore internal and external users of accounting information, having no access to data on the assessment mechanisms, nor the special knowledge necessary for forming judgments about the fairness of this method, the need for qualified opinion as to the impact of the valuation of assets and liabilities on the accuracy of the statements as a whole.

Evaluation as one of the elements of the accounting method must meet two basic requirements: assessment of all accounting objects must be real and single.

Under the reality of objective assessment refers to compliance monetary value of objects of the account – a necessary condition for the creation of all system of accounting. The reality of evaluation requires precise calculation (calculation) of the actual cost of all accounting objects.

Under the unity of the rating refers to its uniformity and permanence. The same accounting objects are weighted equally in the organizations during the entire period of their stay on one stage of the circuit. Such uniformity of assessment is achieved by establishing mandatory regulations, instructions, accounting rules and calculation.

Different ways of measuring and, therefore, different schemes of accounting that can be applied under certain conditions or circumstances, and to have an impact on the financial position of the economic entity, the structure of its balance sheet, financial results of activity. The possibility of applying different methods of estimation of objects of accounting monitoring allows the selection of an optimal variant, aimed at achieving specific goals. The chosen method of assessment will be fixed in the accounting policy of the organization.

The laws of market economy as the basic goal of modern accounting system put the identification of the final financial result (profit or loss) of the activities of a specific organization.

An assessment of the financial result can be produced only through the evaluation of accounting objects of his formative. Under current law, the financial result is determined as the difference between revenues and expenses of the organization, therefore, the most important moment in the organization of accounting of financial results is the rule for determining the value of income and expenses.

Their assessment is the most significant aspect in the assessment of the financial result is the main performance indicator economic activity of the organization.

Inaccurate determination of the income and expenses of the organization leads to distortion of indicators of their value and the incorrect calculation of financial results of operations as a whole. Thus, the rule for determining the value of income and expenses is essentially a rule of the final financial result.

Revenues are recorded documents and receipt of assets, while the amount of expenses determined by the administration of the economic entity on the basis of the adopted accounting policy, choosing the rules of inventory valuation and writing off their costs of production using different variants of depreciation and creation of provisions. Thus, profits are the objective, and the costs to some extent subjective.

Expenditures are recognized in their actual amount. It is important to determine the amount of the costs that the organization has carried out with the purpose of deriving income on ordinary activities.

In the Russian accounting practice, the estimation of the costs of ordinary activities of the organization, depending on the adopted accounting policy can produce at full or reduced cost of sales.

Total cost of sales includes resources spent in production and bringing it to the consumer – the sum of direct costs to a cost accounting object and a proportionate share of overhead and General expenses, attributable to the same object.

The essence of the formation of the reduced cost of sales lies in the fact that General expenses are not allocated between production accounting, and immediately written off to financial results of the organization.

In the process of improving the economic mechanism of formation and rules of assessment of financial results are subjected to significant changes. The approach of the basic principles of the Russian accounting to international standards has caused in our country, the need to build new for us accounting concept financial results. This contributes to the globalization of the world economy and the increasing role of international financial reporting standards. The correct solution of these questions depend on the financial support of activities of economic entities, overcoming a crisis condition and future prospects of their activities.

However, operating in Russia accounting regulations have yet to reflect the recent changes to IFRS in the field of estimating separate objects of accounting. So, in the national accounting system no use of many types of value and methods of valuation of assets and liabilities used in the international practice, in particular, such as fair and present value. The situation, in our view, reduces consumer awareness of the value of assets, capital and liabilities of the organization, and, consequently, the level of handling the results of operations and adapting national accounting system with international accounting systems.

Literature:

1. Federal law of 06.12.2011 № 402 "On accounting" //www1. minfin.ru/accounting/legislation (date accessed: 10.11.2016).

2. Karsaeva N.N. Problems of estimation of objects of accounting. – SPb, 2005. – 215p.

3. The methodology and concepts of accounting / A.I. Nechitailo, L.V. Pankova, I.A. Nechitailo. – Rostov n/D: Phoenix, 2013. – 211 p.

4. Tuyakova Z.S. Essence and content of the concept "assessment" in the system of cost measurement of objects of accounting // Vestnik of the Orenburg state University. Vol. 1. Humanities. – 2006. - N. 1. – P. 146 – 155.

5. Khoruzhy L.I. Russia entered the IFRS // Accounting in agriculture. – 2012. - N. 9. – P. 3-6.