Философские науки /2. Социальная философия

Professor, Dr. Sc. Karabayeva A.G.

Professor, Dr. Sc. Ismagambetova Z.N.

3-rd year PhD student Akbergen A.I.

al-Faraby Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan

Socio-cultural foundations of innovations

The research of innovations is actual and important both from economic and socio-cultural points of view. Innovations are considered national priority and state policy in the development and modernization of society. Innovation is important "structural" element of the socio-economic system as a kind of integrity. Innovative economy is not unambiguous synonym of the market economy. Innovative science is not unambiguous synonym of commercialization. Development of the innovative potential of scientific activity is the priority need of the real and complete development of the market economy.

In the current conditions the main focus is primarily on the forms of innovative activity and its results, which involve the integration of science and production in the university complexes and the interaction with the state, market, business and etc. In modern conditions the value of the innovation potential of scientific schools is increasing. Society confronted the problem of decay, degradation, weakening of scientific schools and with the collapse of their authority, influence, effectiveness, and so on during the period of perestroika and independence.

Innovation and innovational activity is the condition, the source, mechanism and the lever of commercialization of science, it’s reforming and improving the effectiveness of the main results and products. Innovative science is becoming the most important innovation institute of society, the object of management, "the source of influence", reforming, modernization, transformation of the society’s life.

Innovation is a sphere and a tool of market activity, partnership, exchange, modernization in society of self-organizing type. National innovation system is becoming new structural unit of society. The national innovation system provides an effective link between the business sector and the academic community. Phenomenon such as "national innovation potential" is given large attention in the social analysis, social research. Market expansion is possible only by increasing innovation and the development of innovational activity at the present stage of development of the socio-economic system. The most important factor of economic and political development of the society is the development of "Innovation Union" ("Unions") of different types and different levels.

Much attention is paid to the development and complete reorientation of educational systems on all levels on the creativity, innovation, economical, environmental, ecological and business initiatives, etc. "Program of assistance for partnership for the knowledge" is becoming the most important factor of modern social and cultural development. The identification of "macro-level" elements of the system (structure) of the commercialization of science, innovational activity and its results is becoming the main object of social analysis.

In-depth and full development of all types of innovation activity is affected by lack of motivation to the cooperation and exchange of services, technologies and knowledge. The presence of "internal know-how" in the system of scientific and, above all, productive activities is becoming the most important factor of innovative development. Presence of information on technologies, services and knowledge is a key condition for effective innovational activity.

The innovation process is evaluated and developed in accordance to the non-linear model of development. «Non-linear – that is non-obvious, non-incremental – innovation will produce longterm wealth creation» [1, p.3]. The bureaucracy in management, inadequacy in customer service and inefficiency in the management of projects of different types and levels influences the development of innovational activity.

Utilitarian understanding of the phenomenon of exchange in society influences the analysis of the phenomenon of innovation. Utilitarianism, simultaneously, implies effectiveness in relations between the different sectors of society and guarantees success, reliability in the implementation of the tasks. The sphere of innovations allows us to take a fresh look at the institute of the market. The market is not localized exclusively in the economic sphere.

Social thought and social policy are trying to return to the market its "social" nature. Market is endowed by the qualities, characteristics and dimensions of the social institution. The market is not a certain autonomous realm in the field of social exchange and social relations. The market is defined as "institutional" space of social exchange, i.e. a space where not "economic" but "holistic" person who exchanging "social values" is active [2]. The market can not be a "good" or "bad social institution". The market is the natural model of society and social development. The market can be thought as an exclusively "social-Darwinian reality", i.e. as competition of personal-egoistic motives. The market can also be represented as a purely social-evaluative reality – "spiritual and human interaction" [2]. The market cannot be understood definitely. The market is ambivalent.

Innovations also cannot be taken unilaterally. The market has objective quality. The market is the institutionalization of the relations of social exchange. The apology of market as institutionalized relations of social exchange presents special interest in the context of the explication of the phenomenon of innovation. Modern apology of market is connected to the assertion that the current "economic market" is very far from the social-Darwinian image of society and social relations.

The current market is characterized in a paradoxical way as competition and cooperation both, i.e. as competitive-solidary space. Economic relations in the sphere of the "established" market exist in all societies; they are just a special case of more extensive relations of exchange that exist in all contexts and spheres. The exchange in the economic market is characterized by "material" objectives of participants. But there are other types of relations and exchange. There is exchange of "nonmaterial" values, for example, in the sphere of various services.

The definition of the market through the category of social exchange is characteristic for number of important cultural studies. Almost all types of society turn to the adversarial, competitive environment, rooted in human culture by traditions of social exchange. Social exchange historically evolves into a "complex" social exchange, "institution of social exchange" [2]. In the structure of the "internalized" scheme of social exchange it is customary to distinguish different sources of motivation – "money", "social approval", "respect", "concessions".

Development of the innovation activity can be represented in the characteristics and principles of non-linear pattern of development that are reflected and taken into consideration by specialists in system analysis of social systems. Social system by using its reformation efforts is capable of preventing danger of outstripping growth of resistance to change. This type of development is substantial and convincing indication that the "social market" is the fundamental basis of social development.

Innovative systems, innovative potential of scientific activity, innovational processes, as well as individual and corporate innovative activity are the basis of modern social and scientific analysis. Development of the innovative potential of scientific activity as a priority need for "quality" development of market economy and social sphere is the actual subject of scientific analysis. Extensive use of modern scientific research, as well as in the system of management and modernization of society of new terminology – innovation process, innovation activity, innovative character of operations, innovative paradigm, etc. – describes the vector of development of modern society and social thought (philosophical, economical, political, etc).

Systematic analysis of the development, transformation, changing of scientific-technological progress, its contents and the main directions presents innovative component in the form of new technologies, knowledge, systems of management, etc as the main element of this process. Scientific and technical activity as innovational activity is focused on continuous creation of new content in the form of ideas, techniques, materials, etc. In identifying the direct participants and subjects of the innovation process the designers of the new technologies are to be specified. Innovation activity is traditionally associated with the development of experience which is specific for the individual technologies. At the same time, the emergence of new techniques or technologies largely depends on the age of the corresponding idea, as well as the accumulated experience and knowledge.

The most "effective" and "adequate" way to analyze innovation and innovational activity is the personal approach and the "individual" factor. In terms of the personal approach, innovation activity is the "meta-activity" aimed at transforming the entire complex of personal means of the subject, that ensures not only adaptation to the rapidly changing professional and scientific reality, but presents the opportunities and resources of the impact on the different fields of social reality and social activity.

To date, the most acute problem is the development of industrial science in university, i.e. the development of scientific schools of leading scientists, which work in system of higher education. Modern scientific school is emotional and evaluative, "open" community of scholars in various disciplines and areas of research, which collectively develop scientific and research problem – project.

The essential feature of the scientific school is that it simultaneously performs functions of scientific and research institute, "production" and dissemination of innovations (innovation), protection of scientific ideas and training of young scientists. Scientific schools played an important role in the development of innovative potential of the scientific activity of the modern university. Significant diversification of university education and science with an understanding and widescale use of their potential for reforming, modernization and socio-economical development of society is becoming characteristics of the present time.

The first wave of "global" development and qualitative reforming of educational systems and structures in the world has fallen on 60-80 years of XX century. The second wave of "reform" – the early and mid-90's of XX century – has unprecedented interest in the advancement of increase of innovation potential of universities as one of the basic conditions of social and economical development of society and directly high-quality training of a new generation of specialists capable of creative self-realization and comprehensive development of creative abilities and readiness for innovational activity and competitive work.

In the modern world innovational activity is inextricably connected with creative functions of person in profession. In modern society person whose activity is crucial factor of life of "holistic" society and its system characteristics in the field of education, culture, science, business, etc is becoming subject in high demand of social relations and socio-economical activity. Creative ability to "produce" innovations by person forms new social class which begins to define the principles of development of not only individual organizations, institutions, spheres of social life, sectors of economy but also entire regions, states, etc.

The role of universities is, above all, to promote innovative way of development of society and state, the active involvement of universities in the implementation of innovative projects in the scientific, technological, industrial, educational and social spheres.

Conditions and prerequisites for innovational activity at the university (for the individual scientist and explorer) are: development of innovational and research culture; active mental life; mental and spiritual concentration; voluntary and conscious involvement in solving urgent scientific, social and humanitarian issues centered last but not least on his own inner world; spiritual respect for personal beginning and to himself; authentic "objective" being, wide sensation and perception of reality; sense of self-integrity, spiritual dignity, which forms on the basis of self and personal and at the same time evaluative-objective expertise; willingness to change; knowledge of the world's scientific and innovative experience; possession of the legal basis of innovational activity; mastering and development of corporate culture; step-by-step formation of innovational competency.

Innovation implies profound changes in the socio-economical and cultural spheres (in direction, rates and content of the development of society). Innovation is not synonym of new technologies or new products. The role of innovation in society is constantly increasing. This process is directly proportional to the improvement in the technical basis of production, science, services, communication, with quality of organization and management of activity in all major fields and areas of life.

Literature

1. Horibe F. Creating the Innovation Culture. – Toronto: John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 2001

2. Borisenko V.V. Nauka i rynochnye otnoshenija v informacionnom obshhestve: social"no-filosofskijj analiz. – M: Nauka, 2008